Tanaka H, Hoshi T, Takabayashi K, Nakahara T, Iwanaga T, Ozaki Y, Hisatsune S, Gunji A
Kyorin University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 1995 Oct;42(10):843-57.
Municipalities in Japan offer health education, health counseling, health examination, and home visit services for each development stage of children and for their mothers. In order to determine personnel staffing requirements for the health examination for the age of 1 1/2 as of 1989, data from a questionnaire survey in 1990 conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, was analyzed. Questionnaires were sent to all municipalities and there were 3,198 responses for the response rate of 97.9%. Results showed that in 1989, 98.9% of the 3,012 municipalities were able to independently perform health examinations for 1 and half year old, and in only 0.9% these examination were performed by clinical hospitals. In the large cities designated by the Government, the health personnel system adequately supported these health examination. However due to lack of health personnel, rural towns and villages with small populations required public health nurses to be assisted by other staff, such as health workers or volunteers. And particularly they required help by public health nurses from prefectural Health Centers. For example, in those areas with populations less than 3,000, 53% of the total volume of the work required to be performed by public health nurses during the health examination had to be covered by assistance from prefectural public health nurses. While in cities with more than 300,000 population large numbers of health personnel were assigned to examinations of children, the large number of children processed resulted in inadequate time for each child/mother pair. Further study of quality levels of the examinations need to be performed.
日本各市政府为儿童及其母亲的每个发育阶段提供健康教育、健康咨询、健康检查和家访服务。为了确定截至1989年1岁半儿童健康检查的人员配备需求，对厚生省1990年进行的问卷调查数据进行了分析。问卷发送给了所有市政府，共收到3198份回复，回复率为97.9%。结果显示，1989年，在3012个市政府中，98.9%能够独立为1岁半儿童进行健康检查，只有0.9%由临床医院进行这些检查。在政府指定的大城市，卫生人员系统为这些健康检查提供了充分支持。然而，由于卫生人员短缺，人口较少的农村乡镇需要公共卫生护士得到其他工作人员的协助,如卫生工作者或志愿者。特别是他们需要县卫生中心的公共卫生护士提供帮助。例如，在人口不足3000人的地区，健康检查期间公共卫生护士需要完成的工作总量中，有53%必须由县公共卫生护士的协助来完成。虽然在人口超过30万的城市，大量卫生人员被分配到儿童检查工作中，但由于接受检查的儿童数量众多，导致每个儿童/母亲组合的时间不足。需要对检查的质量水平进行进一步研究。
