Argyros G J
Department of Respiratory Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100, USA.
Toxicology. 1997 Jul 25;121(1):105-15. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(97)03659-7.
Blast waves are produced following the detonation of munitions, the firing of large caliber guns, or from any type of explosion. These blast waves can be powerful enough to injure the individuals exposed to them. This type of injury is called primary blast injury (PBI) and the organs most vulnerable to PBI are the gas-filled organs, namely the ear, the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. The approach to the casualty with PBI is the same as it would be for any trauma victim, i.e. the initiation of life support measures. Attention should be directed to the common life-threatening manifestation of thoracic and abdominal PBI. Pulmonary manifestations would include hemorrhage, barotrauma and arterial air embolism, while abdominal manifestations would include hemorrhage and hollow organ rupture. Therapy is directed at the specific manifestations as well as avoiding additional iatrogenic injury.
爆炸波是在弹药引爆、大口径火炮发射或任何类型的爆炸后产生的。这些爆炸波的威力足以伤害接触到它们的人。这种类型的损伤称为原发性爆炸伤（PBI），最易受PBI影响的器官是含气器官，即耳朵、肺和胃肠道。对PBI伤员的处理方法与任何创伤受害者相同，即启动生命支持措施。应关注胸腹部PBI常见的危及生命的表现。肺部表现包括出血、气压伤和动脉空气栓塞，而腹部表现包括出血和中空器官破裂。治疗针对特定表现，同时避免额外的医源性损伤。
