Axler C T, McGill S M
Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Jun;29(6):804-11. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199706000-00011.
Abdominal exercises are prescribed for both the prevention and treatment of low back injury. However, these exercises sometimes appear to have hazardous effects on the lumbar spine. The purpose of this study was to identify quantitatively abdominal exercises that optimize the challenge to the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique) but impose minimal load penalty to the lumbar spine. Nine volunteers performed 12 different abdominal exercises. For a given task the maximum abdominal muscle EMG value was divided by the maximum compression value, resulting in an abdominal challenge versus spinal compression cost index. In general, the partial curl-ups generated the highest muscle challenge-to-spine cost indices. However, those exercises that generated the best challenge-to-cost indices did not necessarily record the lowest compression levels along with the highest EMG activations. No single exercise was found that optimally trained all of the abdominal muscles while at the same time incurring minimal intervertebral joint loads. It was concluded that a variety of selected abdominal exercises are required to sufficiently challenge all of the abdominal muscles and that these exercises will-differ to best meet the different training objectives of individuals.
腹部锻炼被推荐用于预防和治疗下背部损伤。然而，这些锻炼有时似乎会对腰椎产生有害影响。本研究的目的是定量确定能优化对腹部肌肉（腹直肌、腹外斜肌、腹内斜肌）的刺激但对腰椎施加最小负荷代价的腹部锻炼。九名志愿者进行了12种不同的腹部锻炼。对于给定任务，将最大腹部肌肉肌电图值除以最大压缩值，得出腹部刺激与脊柱压缩成本指数。一般来说，部分仰卧起坐产生的肌肉刺激与脊柱成本指数最高。然而，那些产生最佳刺激与成本指数的锻炼并不一定记录到最低的压缩水平和最高的肌电图激活。没有发现单一的锻炼能在对所有腹部肌肉进行最佳训练的同时，使椎间关节负荷最小。得出的结论是，需要多种选定的腹部锻炼来充分刺激所有腹部肌肉，并且这些锻炼会有所不同，以最好地满足个体的不同训练目标。
