Vargha-Khadem F, Gadian D G, Watkins K E, Connelly A, Van Paesschen W, Mishkin M
Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London Medical School, Wolfson Centre, Mecklenburgh Square, London WC1N 2AP, UK.
Science. 1997 Jul 18;277(5324):376-80. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5324.376.
Global anterograde amnesia is described in three patients with brain injuries that occurred in one case at birth, in another by age 4, and in the third at age 9. Magnetic resonance techniques revealed bilateral hippocampal pathology in all three cases. Remarkably, despite their pronounced amnesia for the episodes of everyday life, all three patients attended mainstream schools and attained levels of speech and language competence, literacy, and factual knowledge that are within the low average to average range. The findings provide support for the view that the episodic and semantic components of cognitive memory are partly dissociable, with only the episodic component being fully dependent on the hippocampus.
三名脑损伤患者被诊断为患有全球性顺行性遗忘症，其中一例患者出生时受伤，另一例在4岁时受伤，第三例在9岁时受伤。磁共振技术显示，所有三例患者均存在双侧海马体病变。值得注意的是，尽管这三名患者对日常生活事件存在明显的遗忘，但他们都进入了主流学校，并达到了语言能力、读写能力和事实性知识水平，处于低平均水平到平均水平之间。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即认知记忆的情景性和语义性成分部分可分离，只有情景性成分完全依赖于海马体。
