Al-Nuaim A R
King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Diabet Med. 1997 Jul;14(7):595-602. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199707)14:7<595::AID-DIA377>3.0.CO;2-C.
The prevalence and associated factors for glucose intolerance among Saudi populations in urban and rural communities were investigated among 13177 subjects, 15 years and over, from different regions of Saudi Arabia. The data were standardized using the known age structure of the Saudi population. The sample was randomly selected from subjects who participated in the National Epidemiological Household Study for Chronic Metabolic Diseases. Medical and social history was ascertained from all the study population during house visits. All subjects were then requested to attend a local primary care centre for physical examination and phlebotomy for measurement of random plasma glucose (RPG). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was employed for subjects with borderline values. WHO criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were applied. Mean RPG from the urban population was significantly higher than in the rural population. Age adjusted prevalence of DM was significantly higher in the urban population (males 12%, 95% CI 11-13 and females 14%, 95% CI 13-15) than in the rural population (males 7%, 95% CI 7-8 and females 7.7%, 95% CI 7-9) and is among the highest in the world. The prevalence of DM increased with age. The lowest and highest prevalences of DM in the urban population were 2% for subjects aged 15-20 years and 49% for female subjects aged 51-60 years. The lowest and highest prevalences of DM among rural population were 1% for subjects aged 15-20 years and 29% for female subjects over the age of 60 years. Fifty-six per cent of diabetic patients were newly diagnosed at the time of the study. Age adjusted prevalence of IGT was not significantly higher in the urban population. The highest prevalence of obesity, BMI>30, was among urban female subjects. Age, obesity, and family history of DM were associated with DM. Considering the young nature of Saudi population, the prevalence is expected to increase in the near future. There is a need to develop a multi-disciplinary approach for the general population with special attention to female subjects for prevention through controlling modifiable risk factors such as obesity and sedentary life style, improving glycemic control of the diabetic population, and early identification and treatment of diabetic complications.
在沙特阿拉伯不同地区的13177名15岁及以上的受试者中，调查了沙特城乡社区人群中葡萄糖耐量异常的患病率及其相关因素。数据根据沙特人口已知的年龄结构进行了标准化处理。样本是从参与全国慢性代谢疾病流行病学家庭研究的受试者中随机选取的。在家庭访视期间，对所有研究人群确定了医疗和社会病史。然后要求所有受试者前往当地初级保健中心进行体格检查和静脉穿刺，以测量随机血浆葡萄糖（RPG）。对临界值的受试者采用75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验。应用了世界卫生组织糖尿病（DM）和糖耐量受损（IGT）的诊断标准。城市人群的平均RPG显著高于农村人群。城市人群中DM的年龄调整患病率（男性12%，95%可信区间11 - 13；女性14%，95%可信区间13 - 15）显著高于农村人群（男性7%，95%可信区间7 - 8；女性7.7%，95%可信区间7 - 9），且位居世界最高水平之列。DM患病率随年龄增长而增加。城市人群中DM的最低和最高患病率分别为15 - 20岁受试者中的2%和51 - 60岁女性受试者中的49%。农村人群中DM的最低和最高患病率分别为15 - 20岁受试者中的1%和60岁以上女性受试者中的29%。56%的糖尿病患者在研究时为新诊断病例。城市人群中IGT的年龄调整患病率没有显著更高。肥胖（BMI>30）患病率最高的是城市女性受试者。年龄、肥胖和DM家族史与DM相关。鉴于沙特人口年轻的特点，预计患病率在不久的将来会增加。有必要为普通人群制定多学科方法，特别关注女性受试者，通过控制肥胖和久坐生活方式等可改变的危险因素进行预防，改善糖尿病患者的血糖控制，以及早期识别和治疗糖尿病并发症。
