预防意外怀孕：三种紧急避孕方法的成本效益
Preventing unintended pregnancy: the cost-effectiveness of three methods of emergency contraception.
作者信息
Trussell J, Koenig J, Ellertson C, Stewart F
机构信息
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, NJ 08544-2091, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1997 Jun;87(6):932-7. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.6.932.
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the cost-effectiveness of emergency contraceptive pills, minipills, and the copper-T intrauterine device (IUD) as emergency contraception.
METHODS
Cost savings were modeled for both (1) a single contraceptive treatment following unprotected intercourse and (2) emergency contraceptive pills provided in advance.
RESULTS
In a managed care (public payer) setting, a single treatment of emergency contraception after unprotected intercourse saves $142 ($54) with emergency contraceptive pills and $119 ($29) with minipills. The copper-T IUD is not cost-effective as an emergency contraceptive alone, but savings quickly accrue as use continues. Advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills to women using barrier contraceptives, spermicides, withdrawal, or periodic abstinence saves from $263 to $498 ($99 to $205) annually.
CONCLUSIONS
Emergency contraception is cost-effective whether provided when the emergency arises or in advance to be used as needed. Greater use of emergency contraception could reduce the considerable medical and social costs of unintended pregnancies.
目的
本研究探讨了紧急避孕药、短效口服避孕药及铜T型宫内节育器（IUD）作为紧急避孕措施的成本效益。
方法
对以下两种情况进行了成本节约建模：（1）无保护性交后单次避孕治疗；（2）提前提供紧急避孕药。
结果
在管理式医疗（公共支付方）环境中，无保护性交后单次紧急避孕治疗，使用紧急避孕药可节省142美元（54美元），使用短效口服避孕药可节省119美元（29美元）。仅作为紧急避孕措施时，铜T型宫内节育器不具有成本效益，但随着其持续使用，节省的费用会迅速增加。向使用屏障避孕法、杀精剂、体外排精或定期禁欲的女性提前提供紧急避孕药，每年可节省263美元至498美元（99美元至205美元）。
结论
无论是在紧急情况发生时提供还是提前按需提供，紧急避孕都具有成本效益。更多地使用紧急避孕可降低意外怀孕带来的巨大医疗和社会成本。
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