Williamson J B, Boehmer U
Department of Sociology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 1997 Jul;45(2):305-17. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00346-2.
A number of studies have attempted to account for cross-national differences in life expectancy, but relatively few have focused on female life expectancy, and even fewer on the relevance of predictors linked to gender stratification theory. The present study seeks to assess the utility of gender stratification theory in accounting for cross-national differences in female life expectancy in less developed countries. An incremental model building strategy is used to develop a final model that combines predictors linked to both industrialism theory and gender stratification theory. The analysis is based on multiple regression and cross-sectional samples that vary in size from 40 to 97 countries. Evidence is presented that several aspects of women's status have a positive effect on female life expectancy. Indicators of women's educational status, women's economic status, and women's reproductive autonomy all prove to be important predictors of female life expectancy. Analysis of interaction effects suggests that the strength of the effects of some aspects of women's economic status and the effect of some aspects of health status on female life expectancy vary with the level of economic development. A comprehensive assessment of the relative strength of alternative measures of women's education is carried out, and evidence is presented that it does make a difference how the level of women's education is measured.
许多研究试图解释预期寿命的跨国差异，但相对较少关注女性预期寿命，更少关注与性别分层理论相关的预测因素的相关性。本研究旨在评估性别分层理论在解释欠发达国家女性预期寿命跨国差异方面的效用。采用逐步模型构建策略来开发一个最终模型，该模型结合了与工业化理论和性别分层理论相关的预测因素。分析基于多元回归和规模从40个国家到97个国家不等的横截面样本。有证据表明，女性地位的几个方面对女性预期寿命有积极影响。女性教育地位指标、女性经济地位指标和女性生育自主权指标均被证明是女性预期寿命的重要预测因素。交互效应分析表明，女性经济地位某些方面的影响强度以及健康状况某些方面对女性预期寿命的影响会随着经济发展水平而变化。对女性教育替代衡量指标的相对强度进行了全面评估，有证据表明女性教育水平的衡量方式确实会产生影响。
