Pierce K, Glad K S, Schreibman L
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0109, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1997 Jun;27(3):265-82. doi: 10.1023/a:1025898314332.
Research suggests that the attentional deficits found in children with autism may be related to impairments in social functioning (e.g., Courchesne et al., 1994a, 1994b; Lewy & Dawson, 1992; Schreibman & Lovaas, 1973). In the present investigation, 14 children with autism, 14 mentally handicapped, and 14 typically functioning children participated in a study designed to investigate the effects of number of social cues on the ability to interpret social situations. Participants were shown videotaped vignettes of child-child interactions in which the number of cues leading to the correct interpretation of the story varied from one to four (i.e., tone, content, nonverbal, or nonverbal with object). Subjects were then asked a series of questions which varied in degree of complexity. Overall, results indicated that children with autism performed as well as both groups of comparison subjects on general attention questions (i.e., identification of number and gender of interactants) and social perception questions relating to stories containing one cue. However, children with autism performed more poorly than both comparison groups on social perception questions relating to stories containing multiple cues. Results are discussed in terms of an attentional dysfunction hypothesis of autism.
研究表明，自闭症儿童中发现的注意力缺陷可能与社交功能障碍有关（例如，Courchesne等人，1994a，1994b；Lewy和Dawson，1992；Schreibman和Lovaas，1973）。在本研究中，14名自闭症儿童、14名智力障碍儿童和14名发育正常的儿童参与了一项旨在调查社交线索数量对解读社交情境能力影响的研究。研究人员向参与者展示了儿童与儿童互动的录像短片，其中导致正确解读故事的线索数量从一到四个不等（即语气、内容、非语言或带有物品的非语言）。然后，研究人员向受试者提出了一系列难度不同的问题。总体而言，结果表明，自闭症儿童在一般注意力问题（即识别互动者的数量和性别）以及与包含一个线索的故事相关的社会认知问题上，表现与两组对照组受试者相当。然而，在与包含多个线索的故事相关的社会认知问题上，自闭症儿童的表现比两组对照组都要差。研究结果将根据自闭症的注意力功能障碍假说进行讨论。
