O'Neill M, Jones R S
Department of Psychology, University College of North Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1997 Jun;27(3):283-93. doi: 10.1023/a:1025850431170.
Sensory-perceptual abnormalities in people with autism are discussed from two perspectives: published firsthand accounts and existing psychological research evidence. A range of abnormalities, including hyper- and hyposensitivity, sensory distortion and overload, and multichannel receptivity and processing difficulties, are described in firsthand accounts and frequently portrayed as central to the autistic experience. A number of dangers are inherent in uncritically accepting these accounts at face value and in any wider generalization to the autistic population as a whole. Evidence from clinical studies suggests that unusual sensory responses are present in a majority of autistic children, that they are manifested very early in development, and that they may be linked with other aspects of autistic behavior. In addition, experimental studies using a range of indices have found evidence of unusual responses to sensory stimuli in autistic subjects. However the clinical and experimental research to date suffers from serious methodological limitations and more systematic investigation is warranted. Key issues for future psychological research in the area are identified.
已发表的第一手资料和现有的心理学研究证据。第一手资料中描述了一系列异常情况,包括过度敏感和低敏感、感觉扭曲和过载,以及多通道接受和处理困难,这些情况经常被描述为自闭症体验的核心。不加批判地照单全收这些描述,并将其推广至整个自闭症群体,存在一些内在风险。临床研究证据表明,大多数自闭症儿童存在异常的感官反应,这些反应在发育早期就会出现,并且可能与自闭症行为的其他方面有关。此外,使用一系列指标的实验研究也发现了自闭症患者对感官刺激有异常反应的证据。然而,迄今为止的临床和实验研究存在严重的方法学局限性,因此有必要进行更系统的调查。文中还确定了该领域未来心理学研究的关键问题。