Hausberg M, Mark A L, Winniford M D, Brown R E, Somers V K
Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242-1081, USA.
Circulation. 1997 Jul 1;96(1):282-7.
The physiological effects of cigarette smoking have been widely studied; however, little is known about the effects of acute exposure to sidestream smoke (passive smoking). We examined the effects of sidestream smoke on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) at rest and during stressful stimuli, including the cold pressor test (CPT), sustained handgrip (SHG), and mental stress (MS).
In 17 healthy nonsmokers, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography), FVR, and MSNA (obtained through direct intraneural recordings) were measured before and during inhalation of sidestream smoke in one session (n = 16) and before and during vehicle (air) inhalation in another session (n = 17) on a separate day. The order of sessions was randomized between subjects. Responses to CPT, SHG, and MS were measured before and after inhalation of smoke or vehicle (ie, twice during each session). After 15 minutes' exposure to sidestream smoke, plasma nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin levels increased to 0.77 +/- 0.11 ng/mL and 0.36 +/- 0.04% (mean +/- SEM, P < .05), respectively. Sidestream smoke, but not vehicle inhalation, increased resting MSNA from 23 +/- 2 to 28 +/- 2 bursts/min (P < .05). FVR increased with passive smoking, but this increase was not significantly different from the change in FVR with vehicle. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, BP, and HR were not changed significantly by sidestream smoke. The responses of MSNNA, BP, HR, and FVR to the stressful stimuli were not potentiated by sidestream smoke, except for an increased BP response to the CPT (P < .05).
Acute short-term passive (sidestream) smoke exposure elicits a modest increase in MSNA in healthy non-smokers but does not change HR, BP, or FVR.
吸烟的生理效应已得到广泛研究；然而，关于急性接触侧流烟雾（被动吸烟）的影响却知之甚少。我们研究了侧流烟雾在静息状态以及包括冷加压试验（CPT）、持续握力试验（SHG）和精神应激（MS）在内的应激刺激过程中对肌肉交感神经活动（MSNA）和前臂血管阻力（FVR）的影响。
在17名健康非吸烟者中，于不同日期分别进行一次吸入侧流烟雾（n = 16）和一次吸入载体（空气）（n = 17）的试验，测量静息状态下以及吸入过程中的血压（BP）、心率（HR）、前臂血流量（静脉阻断体积描记法）、FVR和MSNA（通过直接神经内记录获得）。试验顺序在受试者之间随机安排。在吸入烟雾或载体之前及之后（即每个试验过程中两次）测量对CPT、SHG和MS的反应。暴露于侧流烟雾15分钟后，血浆尼古丁和碳氧血红蛋白水平分别升高至0.77±0.11 ng/mL和0.36±0.04%（平均值±标准误，P < 0.05）。侧流烟雾而非载体吸入使静息MSNA从23±2次/分钟增加至28±2次/分钟（P < 0.05）。被动吸烟使FVR升高，但这种升高与载体吸入时FVR的变化无显著差异。侧流烟雾未使血浆去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素、BP及HR发生显著改变。除了对CPT的血压反应增强（P < 0.05）外，侧流烟雾未增强MSNNA、BP、HR和FVR对应激刺激的反应。
健康非吸烟者急性短期被动（侧流）烟雾暴露会使MSNA适度增加，但不会改变HR、BP或FVR。
