终末期肾病患者的生活质量：患者、护士及医生的看法

Quality of life of individuals with end stage renal disease: perceptions of patients, nurses, and physicians.

作者信息

Molzahn A E, Northcott H C, Dossetor J B

机构信息

Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, BC, Canada.

出版信息

ANNA J. 1997 Jun;24(3):325-33; discussion 334-5.

PMID:9238904

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study were to describe the perceptions of physicians, nurses, and patients regarding the quality of life (QOL) of individuals with end stage renal disease (ESRD), to identify differences in ratings of QOL, and to identify predictors of perceptions of QOL for each group.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional, descriptive comparative design was used. Three measures of QOL, the Self-Anchoring Striving Scale, Index of Well-Being, and Time Trade-Off were used.

SAMPLE/SETTING: The subjects included 215 patients with ESRD (including dialysis and transplant), and 42 nurses and 7 physicians who cared for them. All were from a major tertiary care hospital renal program in western Canada.

METHODS

Patients were interviewed and asked to complete questionnaires relating to quality of life, health status, functional status, outlook, support, medical, and demographic characteristics. Three measures of QOL, the Self-Anchoring Striving Scale, Index of Well-Being, and the Time Trade-Off were used. Primary physicians and nurses were asked to complete the same questionnaires within one week of the patients.

RESULTS

It was found that there were significant differences in the ratings among the groups. The nurses' ratings of patients' QOL were significantly lower than were patients (T2 = 21.89, df = 5, 377, p < .001). Physicians' mean ratings were higher than patients' ratings (T2 = 14.24, df = 5, 338, p < .05). Correlations among patients', nurses', and physicians' ratings of QOL ranged between .19 and .49. It was also found that different variables explained the perceptions of each group regarding the patients' QOL.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, nurses, physicians, and patients rated the QOL of individual patients differently, and different factors explained the perceptions of QOL of each group. Although findings of the study are not generalizable, it may be advisable for nurses to be aware that patients and physicians may not share their perceptions of patients' QOL.

摘要

目的

本研究的目的是描述医生、护士和患者对终末期肾病（ESRD）患者生活质量（QOL）的看法，确定生活质量评分的差异，并确定每组对生活质量看法的预测因素。

设计

采用横断面描述性比较设计。使用了三种生活质量测量方法，即自我锚定奋斗量表、幸福感指数和时间权衡法。

样本/背景：研究对象包括215例ESRD患者（包括透析和移植患者），以及42名护士和7名照顾他们的医生。所有人员均来自加拿大西部一家大型三级护理医院的肾脏项目。

方法

对患者进行访谈，并要求他们填写与生活质量、健康状况、功能状态、前景、支持、医疗和人口统计学特征相关的问卷。使用了三种生活质量测量方法，即自我锚定奋斗量表、幸福感指数和时间权衡法。要求主治医生和护士在患者填写问卷一周内完成相同问卷。

结果

发现各组评分存在显著差异。护士对患者生活质量的评分显著低于患者（T2 = 21.89，自由度 = 5，377，p < .001）。医生的平均评分高于患者评分（T2 = 14.24，自由度 = 5，338，p < .05）。患者、护士和医生对生活质量评分的相关性在0.19至0.49之间。还发现不同变量解释了每组对患者生活质量的看法。