Adams L B
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 May 28;817:36-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48194.x.
Adolescents continue to report food and nutrient intake and physical activity levels that conflict with the U.S. Dietary Guidelines and the Year 2000 objectives. Some of the barriers to healthier eating and exercise are related to factors within the adolescent's environment, such as access to healthy food choices or availability of preventive nutritional guidance as part of routine health care. Many barriers, though, fit into the theoretical framework that attempts to describe determinants of other risky behaviors of adolescents. These include (1) adolescent and peer subgroup norms that devalue healthy eating behavior; (2) participation in other risky behaviors; (3) low competency (actual and perceived) in sports, food selection, and food preparation; and (4) familial and cultural expectations. Implications were discussed for intervention approaches and policy recommendations that help confront these barriers.
青少年继续报告与美国膳食指南和2000年目标相冲突的食物和营养摄入量以及身体活动水平。一些妨碍更健康饮食和锻炼的因素与青少年所处环境有关，比如能否获得健康的食物选择，或者作为常规医疗保健一部分的预防性营养指导是否可得。然而，许多障碍符合试图描述青少年其他危险行为决定因素的理论框架。这些因素包括：（1）贬低健康饮食行为的青少年及同伴亚群体规范；（2）参与其他危险行为；（3）在运动、食物选择和食物准备方面能力低下（实际能力和感知能力）；（4）家庭和文化期望。文中讨论了有助于克服这些障碍的干预方法和政策建议。
