Ferron C, Michaud P A, Narring F, Cauderay M
Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, Suisse.
Arch Pediatr. 1997 Jun;4(6):568-76. doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(97)87582-3.
Despite the relevance of this research topic from a public health perspective, there is currently a lack of objective data on the frequency and context of European adolescents' sport activity, their motivations to engage in sports, as well as the links between their sport habits and their health attitudes and behaviors.
In the 1993 Swiss Multicentric Adolescent Survey on Health, anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a national representative sample of 10,000 in-school adolescents (15 to 20 years old). The answers were investigated by means of univariate analyses.
Half of the sample do sports more than twice a week, boys more often as part of a sports club. Motivations depend on the gender, girls doing sports for self image and health motivations and boys for competition and relational reasons. Almost all the sociodemographic characteristics show statistically significant differences between "non athletic", "fairly athletic" and "athletic" adolescents, which suggests the influence of the sociocultural background on the perception of sport activity. These three groups also differ as regards their health behaviors, attitudes and perceptions; the most athletic adolescents generally give more positive answers in terms of prevention and perceived health. These findings have implications for health promotion, notably as regards the creation of the material conditions more likely to favor adolescents' involvement in physical activity.
尽管从公共卫生角度来看，这一研究主题具有重要意义，但目前缺乏关于欧洲青少年体育活动频率和背景、他们参与体育活动的动机，以及他们的运动习惯与健康态度和行为之间联系的客观数据。
1）描述瑞士青少年的运动习惯及其参与体育活动的动机；2）界定被定义为运动型青少年的社会人口学特征；3）确定体育活动频率与健康变量之间关联的性质。
在1993年瑞士多中心青少年健康调查中，向全国10000名在校青少年（15至20岁）的代表性样本发放了匿名自填式问卷。通过单变量分析对答案进行研究。
样本中有一半的人每周进行体育活动超过两次，男孩更多是作为体育俱乐部的一员进行运动。动机因性别而异，女孩进行体育活动是出于自我形象和健康方面的动机，而男孩则是出于竞争和社交方面的原因。几乎所有社会人口学特征在“非运动型”、“较运动型”和“运动型”青少年之间都存在统计学上的显著差异，这表明社会文化背景对体育活动认知有影响。这三组在健康行为、态度和认知方面也存在差异；运动型最强的青少年在预防和感知健康方面通常给出更积极的答案。这些发现对健康促进具有启示意义，特别是在创造更有利于青少年参与体育活动的物质条件方面。
