运动参与，包括在运动俱乐部、健身房或公共空间：不同运动场所的使用者在动机、目标和运动频率方面有何不同。
Sports participation in sport clubs, gyms or public spaces: How users of different sports settings differ in their motivations, goals, and sports frequency.
机构信息
Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Oct 8;13(10):e0205198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205198. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
To develop targeted policy strategies to increase sports participation, more insight is needed into the behavioural patterns and preferences of users of different club-organized (i.e., sports clubs) and non-club organized (i.e., gyms, health centres or swimming pools) or informal sports settings such as public spaces. This study investigates 1) how users of different settings differ regarding self-determined motivations and goals, and sociodemographic and sports-related characteristics, and 2) how the association of motivations and goals with sports participation may differ between users of different sports settings.
METHODS
Data were collected through online surveys among Dutch adults aged 18-80 years (N = 910). Ordinal regression analyses were used to investigate the effects of sports settings, the level of self-determined motivations and goals, and interaction effects of motivations and goals with different sports settings, on sports frequency.
RESULTS
Users of different sports settings differed in their personal characteristics, motivations and goals. In general, controlled motivations were negatively associated with sports frequency (B = -0.46). However, among club members, extrinsic goals related to image (B = 0.44), as well as intrinsic goals related to skill development (B = 0.40) and social affiliation (B = 0.47) had significant positive associations with sports frequency. Health-related goals significantly increased sports frequency among users of informal settings, such as public spaces.
CONCLUSION
The association of motivational variables with sports participation differs between settings. This implies that sports frequency is higher when participants engage in settings that better fit their motivations and goals. Because of the growing importance of informal and flexible settings and health goals, professionals in the sports and health domains should take into account the motivations, goals and needs of different target groups who (want to) use unorganized, informal sports settings including public spaces.
背景
为了制定有针对性的政策策略来增加体育参与度，我们需要更多地了解不同俱乐部组织（即体育俱乐部）和非俱乐部组织（即健身房、健康中心或游泳池）或非正式体育场所（如公共空间）的用户的行为模式和偏好。本研究调查了 1）不同场所的用户在自定动机和目标以及社会人口统计学和与体育相关的特征方面有何不同，以及 2）不同体育场所的用户的动机和目标与体育参与的关联可能有何不同。
方法
通过对 18-80 岁的荷兰成年人（N=910）进行在线调查收集数据。使用有序回归分析来研究体育场所、自定动机和目标的水平以及动机和目标与不同体育场所的交互作用对运动频率的影响。
结果
不同体育场所的用户在个人特征、动机和目标方面存在差异。一般来说，控制动机与运动频率呈负相关（B=-0.46）。然而，在俱乐部成员中，与形象相关的外在目标（B=0.44）以及与技能发展相关的内在目标（B=0.40）和社交联系相关的内在目标（B=0.47）与运动频率呈显著正相关。健康相关目标显著增加了公共空间等非正式场所用户的运动频率。
结论
动机变量与体育参与的关联因场所而异。这意味着当参与者参与更符合其动机和目标的场所时，运动频率会更高。由于非正式和灵活的场所以及健康目标的重要性日益增加，体育和健康领域的专业人士应该考虑不同目标群体的动机、目标和需求，这些群体（想要）使用未组织的非正式体育场所，包括公共空间。
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