Vandewalle H, Vautier J F, Kachouri M, Lechevalier J M, Monod H
Department for Research, National Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Paris, France.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1997 Jun;37(2):89-102.
The present review is focused on the physiological meanings of the critical power concept proposed by Scherrer in 1954 and its applications to general exercises such as running, cycling and swimming. Since the first studies on the critical power of local exercises, many studies have found that critical power is correlated with indices which are related to aerobic endurance such as maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold, OBLA or maximal lactate steady state. In fact, the relationship between exhaustion time t(lim) and the Work Wlim (or Distance Dlim) performed at exhaustion is not exactly linear and, consequently, the power-t(lim) equation is not a true hyperbola. The effect of the range of t(lim), used in the calculation of the slope of the Wlim-t(lim) relationship (called critical power) are discussed. When critical power is calculated from short supramaximal exercises, this power is higher than the power output which corresponds to a lactate steady state (or an oxygen uptake steady state) and does not correspond to a power output which can be sustained a long time. The authors present experimental data collected during local (knee extension) and general (running and cycling) exercises which suggest that critical power could correspond to a steady state provided that critical power is calculated from heavy submaximal exercises only (t(lim) ranging between 6 and 30 min). It is difficult to predict exhaustion time from critical power or critical velocity because of the hyperbolic nature of the power-t(lim) relationship. On the other hand, a large error in the measure of t(lim) should have a small effect on the calculation of critical power or velocity. In contrast, the value of Y intercept of the Wlim-t(lim) (or Dlim-(t(lim)) relationship should be sensitive to errors in t(lim).
本综述聚焦于1954年舍雷尔提出的临界功率概念的生理意义及其在跑步、骑自行车和游泳等一般运动中的应用。自从首次对局部运动的临界功率进行研究以来，许多研究发现临界功率与诸如最大摄氧量、通气阈值、无氧阈或最大乳酸稳态等与有氧耐力相关的指标相关。事实上，疲劳时间t(lim)与疲劳时完成的功Wlim（或距离Dlim）之间的关系并非完全线性，因此，功率-t(lim)方程并非真正的双曲线。讨论了在计算Wlim-t(lim)关系（称为临界功率）斜率时所用t(lim)范围的影响。当从短时间超最大运动计算临界功率时，该功率高于对应于乳酸稳态（或摄氧量稳态）的功率输出，且不对应于可持续较长时间的功率输出。作者展示了在局部（伸膝）和一般（跑步和骑自行车）运动期间收集的实验数据，这些数据表明，只要仅从重亚最大运动（t(lim)在6至30分钟之间）计算临界功率，临界功率可能对应于一种稳态。由于功率-t(lim)关系的双曲线性质，很难从临界功率或临界速度预测疲劳时间。另一方面，t(lim)测量中的较大误差对临界功率或速度的计算影响较小。相比之下，Wlim-t(lim)（或Dlim-(t(lim))关系的Y截距值应对t(lim)中的误差敏感。
