Couch R B, Keitel W A, Cate T R
Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
J Infect Dis. 1997 Aug;176 Suppl 1:S38-44. doi: 10.1086/514173.
Inactivated influenza virus vaccines (IVVs) are used for prevention of influenza and its complications. Present vaccines are immunogenic, of low reactogenicity, and protective, but protection has varied between 0% and 100%. Increasing the dose of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens with purified proteins significantly increased serum and nasal antibody responses; however, trials with newer adjuvants have not shown increased serum antibody to levels comparable with those in earlier studies using oil emulsion adjuvants. IgA antibody responses in respiratory secretions were enhanced by the respiratory administration of IVVs, but IVVs by the oral route yielded varying results. IVVs appeared less effective for pandemic influenza in 1968 than in 1957. Since IVVs will be the major preventative measure for pandemic influenza in most countries, they need to be improved to provide better protection against pandemic and interpandemic influenza. Increasing the doses of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, using adjuvants or immunomodulators, and administering IVVs by the mucosal route could improve the performance of these vaccines.
灭活流感病毒疫苗（IVV）用于预防流感及其并发症。目前的疫苗具有免疫原性、低反应原性且有保护作用，但保护率在0%至100%之间有所不同。用纯化蛋白增加血凝素和神经氨酸酶抗原的剂量可显著提高血清和鼻腔抗体反应；然而，使用新型佐剂的试验并未显示血清抗体增加到与早期使用油乳剂佐剂的研究相当的水平。通过呼吸道接种IVV可增强呼吸道分泌物中的IgA抗体反应，但口服IVV的结果各不相同。1968年，IVV对大流行性流感的效果似乎不如1957年。由于IVV将成为大多数国家预防大流行性流感的主要措施，因此需要对其进行改进，以提供更好的针对大流行和大流行间期流感的保护。增加血凝素和神经氨酸酶的剂量、使用佐剂或免疫调节剂以及通过黏膜途径接种IVV可以提高这些疫苗的性能。
