Levine A S, Billington C J
Minnesota Obesity Center, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis 55417, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:597-619. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.597.
Neuroregulators found at various brain sites are involved in controlling food intake, a behavior that occurs for many reasons. Different neuroregulators may affect different stimuli that impact eating behavior. For example, neuropeptide Y may initiate feeding for energy needs, opioid peptides may provide the rewarding aspects of eating, and corticotropin releasing factor may affect stress-induced eating. We know that the neural networks regulating feeding also impact other components of energy balance. Neuropeptide Y not only increases eating, it also decreases energy expenditure in brown fat and increases enzymatic activity associated with fat storage in white fat, resulting in a more obese animal. What the sites of action are of these neuroregulators and how they interact with regulators at other sites are of utmost importance. Different regions of the brain, together with the periphery, communicate via signals acting in coordinated fashion, which leads to the final outcome: eating less or more and expending less or more energy.
在大脑各个部位发现的神经调节因子参与控制食物摄入，这是一种由多种原因引起的行为。不同的神经调节因子可能影响影响进食行为的不同刺激因素。例如，神经肽Y可能因能量需求而引发进食，阿片肽可能提供进食的奖赏效应，促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子可能影响应激诱导的进食。我们知道，调节进食的神经网络也会影响能量平衡的其他组成部分。神经肽Y不仅会增加进食量，还会降低棕色脂肪的能量消耗，并增加与白色脂肪中脂肪储存相关的酶活性，从而导致动物更加肥胖。这些神经调节因子的作用位点以及它们如何与其他位点的调节因子相互作用至关重要。大脑的不同区域与外周通过协同作用的信号进行通讯，这导致最终结果：进食或多或少以及能量消耗或多或少。
