Seyfarth A M, Wegener H C, Frimodt-Møller N
Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997 Jul;40(1):67-75. doi: 10.1093/jac/40.1.67.
We have studied the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological relatedness among 473 isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) from human and veterinary sources. The human strains were clinical isolates from patients with diarrhoea sent to the State Serum Institute during August 1993 (228 isolates). The animal strains were isolated from clinical or subclinical infections in cattle (48 isolates), pigs (99 isolates) or poultry (98 isolates), all from 1993. All strains were tested against 22 different antimicrobial agents used in both human and veterinary medicine with the tablet diffusion method. Strains were also phage-typed and the plasmid content determined in all resistant strains. Ribotyping was performed on selected strains. Of 228 human isolates tested, 19.3% of the strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agent compared with 10.4% of strains from cattle, 11.1% of strains from pigs and 9.2% of strains from poultry. Multiple resistance, i.e. resistance against at least four antimicrobial agents, was found in 9.2% of the human strains, but in only two of the cattle isolates. The majority of the multi-resistant strains in humans were from infections contracted outside Denmark, most often in southern Europe or south-east Asia. Resistance in human strains was most common against tetracycline (13%), ampicillin (12%), sulphonamide (12%), streptomycin (10%) and chloramphenicol (8%). The resistance pattern differed somewhat in animal isolates: Poultry strains were usually resistant only to ampicillin, while pig and cattle isolates were most often resistant to sulphonamide, tetracycline and streptomycin. Typing of the strains showed that some animal strains and human strains were indistinguishable. In conclusion, while antimicrobial resistance was present in S. typhimurium isolated from humans and animals in Denmark, multiple resistance was most often acquired outside Denmark.
我们研究了473株肠炎沙门氏菌肠炎亚种鼠伤寒血清型（鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）的抗菌药物耐药性频率及流行病学相关性，这些菌株分别来自人类和兽医领域。人类菌株为1993年8月送至国家血清研究所的腹泻患者临床分离株（228株）。动物菌株则从1993年牛（48株）、猪（99株）或家禽（98株）的临床或亚临床感染中分离得到。所有菌株均采用纸片扩散法，针对人类和兽医学中使用的22种不同抗菌药物进行检测。同时对菌株进行噬菌体分型，并测定所有耐药菌株的质粒含量。对部分菌株进行了核糖体分型。在检测的228株人类分离株中，19.3%的菌株对一种或多种抗菌药物耐药，而牛源菌株的耐药率为10.4%，猪源菌株为11.1%，家禽源菌株为9.2%。多重耐药，即对至少四种抗菌药物耐药，在9.2%的人类菌株中被发现，但仅在两株牛分离株中出现。人类中的大多数多重耐药菌株来自丹麦境外感染，最常见于南欧或东南亚。人类菌株中最常见的耐药类型为四环素（13%）、氨苄西林（12%）、磺胺类（12%）、链霉素（10%）和氯霉素（8%）。动物分离株的耐药模式略有不同：家禽菌株通常仅对氨苄西林耐药，而猪和牛分离株最常对磺胺类、四环素和链霉素耐药。菌株分型显示，部分动物菌株和人类菌株无法区分。总之，虽然丹麦从人类和动物中分离出的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌存在抗菌药物耐药性，但多重耐药最常是在丹麦境外获得的。
