Benedict S, Goon G, Hoomani J, Holder P
College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
Cancer Pract. 1997 Jul-Aug;5(4):213-9.
This study was conducted to determine the frequency of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination, and mammography of adult daughters of women with breast cancer. Additionally, the relationships among frequency of self-examination, clinical examination, perceived risk, fear of breast cancer, and frequency of talking with their mothers about breast cancer were assessed.
A retrospective, correlational descriptive design was used. Questionnaires were mailed to members of a breast cancer support group and to women diagnosed with breast cancer in one medical oncology practice. These women were asked to mail the questionnaires to their adult daughters.
There was a significant relationship between frequency of BSE and frequency of talking with mothers about breast cancer. Frequency of self-examination was related inversely to fear of breast cancer. Fear of breast cancer appears to act as a barrier to action whereas frequency of talking with their mothers about breast cancer seems to act as a cue to action in support of the Health Belief Model.
Healthcare providers should make every effort to optimize the practice of BSE in daughters of women with breast cancer. Only 52% reported performing BSE monthly, with the remaining 48% performing BSE less frequently or not at all. Thirty-one percent reported having no formal or printed instruction regarding BSE. Health professionals caring for women who have a family history of breast cancer should assess the educational needs of these women and provide opportunities for them to acquire and demonstrate skills. Periodic re-evaluation of BSE is needed to reinforce importance and demonstrate technique. The development of educational materials developed specifically for daughters of women with breast cancer may be useful in diminishing the perception of an unrealistically high risk of developing breast cancer. With the decrease in fear, which appears to be acting as a barrier to BSE in this group, better breast cancer detection practices in daughters may be realized. Counseling about realistic risk of developing breast cancer also may be useful in reducing the amount of fear of breast cancer in these women. This is an unnecessary burden for any woman to bear and may interfere with her optimal practice of breast cancer detection practices.
本研究旨在确定乳腺癌患者成年女儿进行乳房自我检查（BSE）、临床乳房检查和乳房X线摄影的频率。此外，还评估了自我检查频率、临床检查频率、感知风险、对乳腺癌的恐惧以及与母亲谈论乳腺癌频率之间的关系。
采用回顾性、相关性描述性设计。问卷被邮寄给一个乳腺癌支持小组的成员以及在一家医学肿瘤诊所被诊断为乳腺癌的女性。这些女性被要求将问卷邮寄给她们的成年女儿。
BSE频率与与母亲谈论乳腺癌的频率之间存在显著关系。自我检查频率与对乳腺癌的恐惧呈负相关。对乳腺癌的恐惧似乎是行动的障碍，而与母亲谈论乳腺癌的频率似乎是支持健康信念模型的行动提示。
医疗保健提供者应尽一切努力优化乳腺癌患者女儿的BSE实践。只有52%的人报告每月进行BSE，其余48%的人进行BSE的频率较低或根本不进行。31%的人报告没有关于BSE的正式或印刷说明。照顾有乳腺癌家族史女性的健康专业人员应评估这些女性的教育需求，并为她们提供获得和展示技能的机会。需要定期重新评估BSE，以强化其重要性并展示技术。专门为乳腺癌患者女儿开发的教育材料可能有助于减少对患乳腺癌过高风险的不切实际认知。随着恐惧的减少，这似乎是该群体中BSE的障碍，女儿们可能会实现更好的乳腺癌检测实践。关于患乳腺癌实际风险的咨询也可能有助于减少这些女性对乳腺癌的恐惧。这对任何女性来说都是不必要的负担，可能会干扰她最佳的乳腺癌检测实践。
