Jin R, Fernandez-Beros M E, Novick R P
Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical School, NY 10016, USA.
EMBO J. 1997 Jul 16;16(14):4456-66. doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.14.4456.
pT181 and other closely related rolling circle plasmids have the nicking site for initiation of replication between the arms of a GC-rich inverted repeat sequence adjacent to the binding site for the dimeric initiator protein. Replication is initiated by the initiator-induced extrusion of this sequence as a cruciform, creating a single-stranded region for nicking by the protein. Nicking is followed by assembly of the replisome without relaxation of the secondary structure. Following termination, the initiator protein is released with a short oligonucleotide attached to one subunit, which prevents it from being recycled, a necessary feature of the plasmid's replication control system. The modified initiator can cleave single-stranded substrates and can nick and relax supercoiled plasmid DNA weakly. Although it can bind to its recognition sequence in the leading strand origin, the modified protein cannot induce cruciform extrusion, and it is proposed that this inability is the key to understanding the biological rationale for having the nicking site at the tip of a cruciform: the need to provide the functional initiator with a catalytic advantage over the modified one sufficient to offset the numerical advantage and metabolic stability of the latter.
pT181及其他密切相关的滚环质粒在富含GC的反向重复序列的臂之间具有复制起始的切口位点,该序列与二聚体起始蛋白的结合位点相邻。复制由起始蛋白诱导该序列以十字形挤出而启动,从而形成一个单链区域以供该蛋白进行切口。切口之后是复制体的组装,而二级结构不松弛。终止后,起始蛋白与附着在一个亚基上的短寡核苷酸一起释放,这阻止了它的再循环,这是质粒复制控制系统的一个必要特征。修饰后的起始蛋白可以切割单链底物,并且可以微弱地切割和松弛超螺旋质粒DNA。尽管它可以结合在前导链起点的识别序列上,但修饰后的蛋白不能诱导十字形挤出,并且有人提出这种无能是理解在十字形末端具有切口位点的生物学原理的关键:需要为功能性起始蛋白提供相对于修饰后的起始蛋白的催化优势,以抵消后者的数量优势和代谢稳定性。