Collins J J, Acquavella J F, Esmen N A
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo. 63167, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jul;39(7):639-51. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199707000-00009.
In this study, we summarize 47 epidemiologic studies related to formaldehyde exposure and use meta-analytic techniques to assess findings for cancers of the lung, nose/nasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Our analyses indicate that workers with formaldehyde exposure have essentially null findings for lung cancer and a slight deficit of sinonasal cancer. Nasopharyngeal cancer rates were elevated moderately in a minority of studies. Most studies, however, did not find any nasopharyngeal cancers, and many failed to report their findings. After correcting for underreporting, we found a meta relative risk of 1.0 for cohort studies. Case-control studies had a meta relative risk of 1.3. Our review of the exposure literature indicated that the nasopharyngeal cancer case-control studies represented much lower and less certain exposures than the cohort studies. We conclude that the available studies do not support a causal relation between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal cancer. This conclusion conflicts with conclusions from two previous meta-analyses, primarily because of our consideration of unreported data.
在本研究中，我们总结了47项与甲醛暴露相关的流行病学研究，并使用荟萃分析技术评估肺癌、鼻/鼻窦癌和鼻咽癌的研究结果。我们的分析表明，接触甲醛的工人患肺癌的结果基本为阴性，鼻窦癌略有不足。少数研究中鼻咽癌发病率适度升高。然而，大多数研究未发现任何鼻咽癌病例，许多研究也未报告其研究结果。在纠正漏报后，我们发现队列研究的荟萃相对风险为1.0。病例对照研究的荟萃相对风险为1.3。我们对暴露文献的综述表明，鼻咽癌病例对照研究中的暴露水平比队列研究低得多且不确定性更大。我们得出结论，现有研究不支持甲醛暴露与鼻咽癌之间存在因果关系。这一结论与之前两项荟萃分析的结论相冲突，主要是因为我们考虑了未报告的数据。
