Elman C, Myers G
Department of Sociology, University of Akron, OH 44325-1905, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 1997 Sep;45(6):943-56. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00005-1.
This paper uses a new data set, the Public Use file of the 1880 U.S. Census of the Population, to examine national point prevalence rates of adult morbidity over the early phase of the United States epidemiologic transition. These historical data report health status at the individual level and allow the analysis of age and sex differentials in morbidity. Point prevalence rates of morbidity by major cause show that males generally had higher rates of morbidity and long-term disability than females, especially at mid-life and in old age. But large sex differences in the distribution of conditions by major cause occurred over two portions of the life course: in early adulthood and in old age. Age and sex differences in the distribution of adult morbidity reflected the health status divide of the communicable and degenerative conditions.
本文使用一个新的数据集，即1880年美国人口普查的公共使用文件，来研究美国流行病学转变早期阶段成人发病的全国点患病率。这些历史数据报告了个体层面的健康状况，并允许对发病情况中的年龄和性别差异进行分析。主要病因的发病点患病率表明，男性的发病率和长期残疾率通常高于女性，尤其是在中年和老年。但是，按主要病因划分的疾病分布在生命历程的两个阶段存在较大的性别差异：成年早期和老年。成人发病分布中的年龄和性别差异反映了传染病和退行性疾病的健康状况差异。
