Galactosyl transfer onto p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside using beta-D-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans.

beta-D-Gal-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glc-OC6H4NO2-p and its isomers (beta-D-Gal-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glc-OC6H4NO2-p and beta-D-Gal-(1-->6)-beta-D-Glc-OC6H4NO2-p) were synthesized from lactose and beta-D-Glc-OC6H4NO2-p, using transglycosylation by the beta-D-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans. This reaction was efficient enough for us to do a one-pot preparation of galactosyl-glucoside from lactose. The order of the production of the transfer products was (1-->4) > > (1-->3) > (1-->6) in the initial stage of the reaction, and the same relationship was observed for the hydrolytic rate toward the three galactosyl-glucosides. The production of (1-->4)- and (1-->3)-linkages greatly decreased during the subsequent reaction and much more of the (1-->6)- than of the (1-->4)- and (1-->3)-transfer products was found in the later stage of the reaction.