Tuulio-Henriksson A, Poikolainen K, Aalto-Setälä T, Lönnqvist J
National Public Health Institute, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Helsinki, Finland. Annamari.Tuulio-Henriksson@KTLFI
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;36(8):1148-53. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199708000-00025.
The aims of this follow-up study were to examine in both sexes (1) the stability of defense styles from late adolescence to early adulthood and (2) the ability of adolescent defense styles to predict later psychiatric symptoms.
Defense styles were examined using the Defense Style Questionnaire. Five hundred sixteen high school students (337 females and 179 males) completed the questionnaire at 15 through 19 years of age, and again 5 years later. In the follow-up examination the General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychiatric disturbance.
Neurotic and immature defense style scores decreased significantly in both sexes, whereas mature defense style scores did not change significantly. Females had significantly higher neurotic defense style scores than males in both late adolescence and young adulthood. Psychiatric disturbance at follow-up was associated positively with baseline immature defense style scores in both sexes, and negatively with baseline mature defense style scores in females.
Development of defenses was apparent as a decrease in neurotic and immature defense style scores. In both sexes, immaturity of defenses in late adolescence predicted psychiatric symptoms in young adulthood.
本随访研究的目的是在男性和女性中考察：（1）从青春期晚期到成年早期防御方式的稳定性；（2）青少年防御方式预测后期精神症状的能力。
使用防御方式问卷对防御方式进行考察。516名高中生（337名女性和179名男性）在15至19岁时完成问卷，并在5年后再次填写。在随访检查中，使用一般健康问卷评估精神障碍。
神经质和不成熟防御方式得分在两性中均显著下降，而成熟防御方式得分无显著变化。在青春期晚期和青年期，女性的神经质防御方式得分均显著高于男性。随访时的精神障碍与两性的基线不成熟防御方式得分呈正相关，与女性的基线成熟防御方式得分呈负相关。
防御方式的发展表现为神经质和不成熟防御方式得分的下降。在两性中，青春期晚期防御方式的不成熟预示着青年期的精神症状。
