Wong V, Ho D
Division of Neurodevelopmental Paediatrics, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
Pediatr Neurol. 1997 May;16(4):311-4. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(97)00029-5.
One hundred forty Chinese children with Down syndrome (DS) treated in the Child Assessment Centre of the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital in Hong Kong between 1985 and 1996 underwent a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation, including test of visual acuity by behavioral testing or retinoscopy, determination of ocular motility, visual field examination, binocular examination for strabismus, determination of near point convergence and pupillary reflex, and/or slit lamp bimicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy to assess ocular health. Only 43 children (31%) had no ocular abnormalities. The overall incidence of ocular abnormalities was 69%, and included refractive error (58%), strabismus (20%), nystagmus (11%), blepharitis/conjunctivitis (7%), lens opacities (4%), and glaucoma (0.7%). No child had Brushfield spots or keratoconus. The incidence of refractive errors increased with increasing age and nearly doubled at school age. As compared with white children with DS, the Chinese children with DS exhibited a higher incidence of refractive error and a similar incidence of lens opacities but a lower incidence of strabismus, nystagmus, blepharitis, Brushfield spots, and keratoconus. Regular visual surveillance, especially of visual acuity, in children with DS as they mature is important in preventing amblyopia.
1985年至1996年间，在香港玛丽医院赞育儿童中心接受治疗的140名患有唐氏综合征（DS）的中国儿童接受了详细的眼科评估，包括通过行为测试或视网膜检影法测试视力、测定眼球运动、视野检查、斜视双眼检查、测定近点集合和瞳孔反射，和/或裂隙灯双显微镜检查及检眼镜检查以评估眼部健康。只有43名儿童（31%）没有眼部异常。眼部异常的总体发生率为69%，包括屈光不正（58%）、斜视（20%）、眼球震颤（11%）、睑缘炎/结膜炎（7%）、晶状体混浊（4%）和青光眼（0.7%）。没有儿童有Brushfield斑或圆锥角膜。屈光不正的发生率随年龄增长而增加，在学龄期几乎翻倍。与患有DS的白人儿童相比，患有DS的中国儿童屈光不正的发生率较高，晶状体混浊的发生率相似，但斜视、眼球震颤、睑缘炎、Brushfield斑和圆锥角膜的发生率较低。对患有DS的儿童进行定期视力监测，尤其是在他们成长过程中的视力监测，对预防弱视很重要。
