Benowitz N L, Jacob P
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital 94110, USA.
NIDA Res Monogr. 1997;173:48-64.
Individual differences in susceptibility to nicotine addiction, the likelihood of successful smoking cessation, and the development of adverse health effects of smoking are well recognized. The basis for these individual differences is as yet unknown. This chapter examines individual differences in the metabolism and kinetics of nicotine as a possible factor. Rare individuals appear to be deficient metabolizers of nicotine. Individual differences are described both in the pattern and rates of nicotine metabolism. Ethnic differences in cotinine metabolism have also been observed. However, the enzymes responsible for nicotine metabolism and their genetic regulation have not been fully characterized. Understanding the basis for individual differences in nicotine kinetics and metabolism, and linking these differences to pharmacodynamic studies, may provide important clues for the prevention and treatment of nicotine and possibly other drug addictions.
人们早已认识到，个体在对尼古丁成瘾的易感性、成功戒烟的可能性以及吸烟对健康产生不良影响的发展方面存在差异。这些个体差异的基础尚不清楚。本章将探讨尼古丁代谢和动力学方面的个体差异，将其作为一个可能的因素。极少数个体似乎是尼古丁代谢缺陷者。文中描述了尼古丁代谢模式和速率方面的个体差异。也观察到了可替宁代谢方面的种族差异。然而，负责尼古丁代谢的酶及其基因调控尚未完全明确。了解尼古丁动力学和代谢个体差异的基础，并将这些差异与药效学研究联系起来，可能为预防和治疗尼古丁成瘾以及其他可能的药物成瘾提供重要线索。
