Barkley R A, Koplowitz S, Anderson T, McMurray M B
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1997 Jul;3(4):359-69.
A recent theory of ADHD predicts a deficiency in sense of time in the disorder. Two studies were conducted to test this prediction, and to evaluate the effects of interval duration, distraction, and stimulant medication on the reproductions of temporal durations in children with ADHD. Study I: 12 ADHD children and 26 controls (ages 6-14 years) were tested using a time reproduction task in which subjects had to reproduce intervals of 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 s. Four trials at each duration were presented with a distraction occurring on half of these trials. Control subjects were significantly more accurate than ADHD children at most durations and were unaffected by the distraction. ADHD children, in contrast, were significantly less accurate when distracted. Both groups became less accurate with increasing durations to be reproduced. Study II: Tested three doses of methylphenidate (MPH) and placebo on the time reproductions of the 12 ADHD children. ADHD children became less accurate with increasing durations and distraction was found to reduce accuracy at 36 s or less. No effects of MPH were evident. The results of these preliminary studies seem to support the prediction that sense of time is impaired in children with ADHD. The capacity to accurately reproduce time intervals in ADHD children does not seem to improve with administration of stimulant medication.
最近一种关于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的理论预测，该病症存在时间感知缺陷。为此进行了两项研究，以检验这一预测，并评估间隔时长、干扰因素及兴奋剂药物对ADHD儿童时间再现的影响。研究一：对12名ADHD儿童和26名对照组儿童（6 - 14岁）使用时间再现任务进行测试，在该任务中，受试者需再现12、24、36、48和60秒的间隔时长。每个时长进行四次试验，其中一半试验设置干扰因素。在大多数时长下，对照组受试者比ADHD儿童更准确，且不受干扰因素影响。相比之下，ADHD儿童在受到干扰时准确性显著降低。随着要再现的时长增加，两组的准确性均降低。研究二：对12名ADHD儿童的时间再现测试了三种剂量的哌甲酯（MPH）和安慰剂。ADHD儿童随着时长增加准确性降低，且发现干扰因素会降低36秒及以下时长的准确性。未发现MPH有明显效果。这些初步研究结果似乎支持了ADHD儿童时间感知受损这一预测。给予兴奋剂药物似乎并未提高ADHD儿童准确再现时间间隔的能力。
