Hoover N J, Kenney P B, Amick J D, Hypes W A
Division of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6108, USA.
Poult Sci. 1997 Sep;76(9):1232-8. doi: 10.1093/ps/76.9.1232.
An ecological survey was conducted from March, 1995 to February 1996 to determine sources of Salmonella colonization in two flocks of turkeys reared consecutively in a newly constructed facility. Sampling was conducted prior to placement of poults, at Day 0, and again at 2, 10, 14, and 18 wk. Samples were collected at comparable times for the second flock except that final sampling occurred at 22 wk instead of 18 wk. Poult box liners, birds, new litter, drinkers, and air were sampled. Feed was collected from each shipment upon arrival at the facility. Feeders, drinkers, and used litter were monitored to evaluate horizontal transmission. Conventional methods for isolation and serological screening were used to analyze samples for the presence or absence of Salmonella. Prior to placement of the first flock, litter, drinkers, and air samples were negative for the presence of Salmonella, whereas drinkers were positive prior to placement of the second flock. Following placement of poults, 51.1, 63.8, and 22.8% of all litter, drinker, and air samples, respectively, were positive. Salmonella was isolated from 13.6% of poult box liners, 25.0% of yolk sac samples, and 53.8% of ceca, excluding Day 0. Salmonella was isolated from 14.8% of feed shipments and 39.1% of feeder contents. Frequency of Salmonella detection was higher P < 0.05) in Flock 1 than Flock 2 for cecal and air samples. Salmonella colonization of turkey flocks and the spread of Salmonella within the environment was extensive once initial contamination of the production house occurred. Drinkers, feeders, litter, and air were critical sources of horizontal transmission within each pen as well as between pens.
1995年3月至1996年2月进行了一项生态学调查，以确定在新建设施中连续饲养的两群火鸡中沙门氏菌定植的来源。在雏火鸡入舍前（第0天）以及第2、10、14和18周再次进行采样。第二群火鸡在可比时间进行采样，只是最后一次采样在第22周而非第18周。对雏火鸡箱衬里、火鸡、新垫料、饮水器和空气进行采样。饲料在抵达设施时从每批货物中收集。对喂食器、饮水器和用过的垫料进行监测以评估水平传播。采用常规的分离和血清学筛查方法分析样本中沙门氏菌的有无。在第一群火鸡入舍前，垫料、饮水器和空气样本中均未检测到沙门氏菌，而在第二群火鸡入舍前饮水器样本呈阳性。雏火鸡入舍后，所有垫料、饮水器和空气样本中分别有51.1%、63.8%和22.8%呈阳性。除第0天外，从13.6%的雏火鸡箱衬里、25.0%的卵黄囊样本和53.8%的盲肠中分离出沙门氏菌。从14.8%的饲料批次和39.1%的喂食器内容物中分离出沙门氏菌。对于盲肠和空气样本，第1群火鸡中沙门氏菌的检出频率高于第2群火鸡（P<0.05）。一旦生产舍发生初始污染，火鸡群中的沙门氏菌定植以及沙门氏菌在环境中的传播就很广泛。饮水器、喂食器、垫料和空气是每栏内以及栏与栏之间水平传播的关键来源。
