Khan S R
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0275, USA.
World J Urol. 1997;15(4):236-43. doi: 10.1007/BF01367661.
Calcific kidney stones in both humans and mildly hyperoxaluric rats are located on renal papillary surfaces and consist of an organic matrix and crystals of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate. The matrix is intimately associated with the crystals and contains substances that can promote as well as inhibit calcification. Osteopontin, Tamm-Horsfall protein, bikunin, and prothrombin fragment 1 have been identified in matrices of both human and rat stones. Hyperoxaluria can provoke calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in both humans and rats. Kidney-stone-forming rats are hypomagnesuric and hypocitraturic during nephrolithiasis. Human stone formers may have the same disorders. Males of both species are prone to develop calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, whereas females tend to form calcium phosphate stones. Oxalate metabolism is considered to be almost identical between rats and humans. Thus, there are many similarities between experimental nephrolithiasis induced in rats and human kidney-stone formation, and a rat model of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis can be used to investigate the mechanisms involved in human kidney stone formation.
人类和轻度高草酸尿大鼠的钙化肾结石都位于肾乳头表面，由有机基质以及草酸钙和/或磷酸钙晶体组成。基质与晶体紧密相连，含有既能促进也能抑制钙化的物质。骨桥蛋白、Tamm-Horsfall蛋白、 bikunin和凝血酶原片段1已在人类和大鼠结石的基质中被鉴定出来。高草酸尿症可在人类和大鼠中引发草酸钙肾结石。形成肾结石的大鼠在肾结石形成过程中尿镁减少、尿枸橼酸盐减少。人类结石形成者可能有相同的病症。这两个物种的雄性都容易患草酸钙肾结石，而雌性则倾向于形成磷酸钙结石。大鼠和人类的草酸代谢被认为几乎相同。因此，大鼠诱发的实验性肾结石与人类肾结石形成之间存在许多相似之处，草酸钙肾结石大鼠模型可用于研究人类肾结石形成的相关机制。
