Kiserud T, Gjelland K, Bognø H, Waardal M, Reigstad H, Rosendahl K
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bergen, Norway.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Aug;10(2):103-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.1997.10020103.x.
The presence of echogenic material within the gallbladder is probably a rare finding in the fetus, and the list of predisposing factors known for postnatal life seems not to be applicable to prenatal diagnosis. In the present study 1656 obstetric scans were performed on referrals to the Unit of Fetal Medicine. No echogenic gallbladder contents were found before 28 weeks. In the subgroup of 523 fetuses who were examined during gestational weeks 28-42, six fetuses were found to have echogenic material in the gallbladder. The echogenicities were found in patients who had the following: extra-amniotic hematoma with intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios, tetralogy of Fallot, trisomy 21 with atrioventricular septal defect and transient ascites, early abnormally distended fetal gallbladder, chromosomal aberration (translocation 10; 11) with bilateral clubfoot, and gastroschisis. Echogenic densities had disappeared at ultrasound scans performed during early postnatal life in four cases, were absent at five weeks in one case, and still present as calculi 8 months after birth in one case. Although no causative conclusions can be drawn from the report, these conditions are suggested as possible predisposing factors for the presence of echogenic material in the fetal gallbladder.
胆囊内出现强回声物质在胎儿中可能是一种罕见的发现，已知的出生后易患因素列表似乎不适用于产前诊断。在本研究中，对胎儿医学科转诊的患者进行了1656次产科扫描。在28周前未发现胆囊内有强回声物质。在28至42孕周接受检查的523例胎儿亚组中，发现6例胎儿胆囊内有强回声物质。这些强回声出现在以下患者中：伴有宫内生长受限和羊水过少的羊膜外血肿、法洛四联症、伴有房室间隔缺损和短暂腹水的21三体综合征、早期胎儿胆囊异常扩张、伴有双侧马蹄内翻足的染色体畸变（10；11易位）以及腹裂。4例在出生后早期超声检查时强回声密度消失，1例在出生后5周消失，1例在出生后8个月仍以结石形式存在。尽管本报告无法得出因果结论，但这些情况被认为可能是胎儿胆囊内出现强回声物质的易患因素。
