Boitor-Borza Dan, Rotar Ioana Cristina, Staicu Adelina, Constantin Roxana, Muresan Daniel
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jan 8;13(2):230. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13020230.
It is rare to detect echogenic content in the fetal gallbladder. The etiology, natural course, and prognosis of this condition remain unclear. In addition to providing a systematic review of this topic, we suggest a plan for patient follow-up. From a total of 100 database entries identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and ICTRP reviews, we selected 34 studies in which we investigated the ultrasound features and outcome of this condition. There were 226 fetuses with gallbladder echogenic content identified. Seventy-two fetuses were found to have biliary sludge; thirty cases had a single hyperechogenic focus, and one hundred fetuses had multiple foci in the gallbladder. There were 16 cases of distal shadowing, 37 fetuses with comet tail and twinkling, and 26 cases with no acoustic artifacts. Nine cases of spontaneous resolution before birth have been documented; nine fetuses exhibited no echogenic content at birth, and 138 cases of resolution of echogenic content within the first year of life have been described. Typically, the condition resolves spontaneously during the postnatal period. After adequately reassuring the parents, the patients should be monitored for spontaneous resolution; medical or surgical intervention is not indicated. Asymptomatic patients can be managed with a wait-and-see strategy.
在胎儿胆囊中检测到回声内容物的情况较为罕见。这种情况的病因、自然病程和预后仍不明确。除了对该主题进行系统综述外，我们还提出了患者随访计划。在对PubMed、EMBASE和ICTRP综述中识别出的总共100条数据库记录进行筛选后，我们选择了34项研究，在这些研究中我们调查了这种情况的超声特征和结局。共识别出226例胆囊有回声内容物的胎儿。发现72例胎儿有胆泥；30例有单个高回声灶，100例胎儿胆囊内有多个病灶。有16例出现远端声影，37例胎儿有彗尾征和闪烁征，26例无声学伪像。已记录到9例在出生前自发消退的病例；9例胎儿出生时无回声内容物，138例在出生后第一年内回声内容物消退。通常，这种情况在出生后会自发消退。在充分安抚家长后，应对患者进行监测以观察其是否自发消退；不建议进行医学或手术干预。无症状患者可采用观察等待策略进行处理。
