Emery N J, Lorincz E N, Perrett D I, Oram M W, Baker C I
School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
J Comp Psychol. 1997 Sep;111(3):286-93. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.111.3.286.
Gaze and attention direction provide important sources of social information for primates. Behavioral studies show that chimpanzees spontaneously follow human gaze direction. By contrast, non-ape species such as macaques fail to follow gaze cues. The authors investigated the reactions of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to attention cues of conspecifics. Two subjects were presented with videotaped images of a stimulus monkey with its attention directed to 1 of 2 identical objects. Analysis of eye movements revealed that both subjects inspected the target (object or position attended by the stimulus monkey) more often than the distractor (nonattended object or position). These results provide evidence that rhesus monkeys follow gaze and use the attention cues of other monkeys to orient their own attention to objects.
注视和注意力方向为灵长类动物提供了重要的社会信息来源。行为研究表明，黑猩猩会自发地跟随人类的注视方向。相比之下，猕猴等非猿类物种则无法跟随注视线索。作者研究了恒河猴（猕猴）对同种个体注意力线索的反应。给两只受试动物呈现一只刺激猴的录像图像，该刺激猴的注意力指向两个相同物体中的一个。对眼球运动的分析表明，两只受试动物检查目标（刺激猴所关注的物体或位置）的频率高于干扰物（未被关注的物体或位置）。这些结果证明，恒河猴会跟随注视，并利用其他猴子的注意力线索将自己的注意力导向物体。
