Fulk G W, Cyert L A
College of Optometry, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA.
J Am Optom Assoc. 1996 Dec;67(12):749-54.
Retrospective studies have suggested that in children with near point esophoria, bifocals can slow myopia progression by about 50 percent. A prospective study was conducted to test this hypothesis.
Thirty-two children, all with near point esophoria, were randomly divided into either correction with single-vision or with bifocal lenses containing a +1.25 D and. Axial length and refraction were measured under cycloplegia every 6 months for 18 months. Twenty-eight children completed the study.
Myopia progressed at an equal rate in both groups for the first 12 months. Progression was much faster during the first 6 months, which was during the school year, than during the second 6 months, which included all of the summer vacation (0.64 D/yr vs 0.29 D/yr). During the last 6 months, myopia progressed rapidly for children in single-vision lenses (0.80 D/yr) but slowly for those in bifocals (0.37 D/yr). A repeated-measure analysis of variance showed that season of the year had a significant effect on myopia progression (p > 0.002) and that the effect differed for the two treatment groups (p > 0.043). Over the whole 18-month study, myopia progressed at rate of 0.57 D/yr for those in single-vision lenses and 0.39 D/yr in those in bifocals (p = 0.26).
Bifocals seemed to slow myopia progression in these children with near-point esophoria, although a longer-term study with more subjects is needed to confirm this finding. Myopia progressed more rapidly during the school year than during summer vacation.
回顾性研究表明，对于近点内隐斜的儿童，双焦点眼镜可使近视进展减缓约50%。进行了一项前瞻性研究以验证这一假设。
32名均患有近点内隐斜的儿童被随机分为单焦点眼镜矫正组或佩戴度数为+1.25 D的双焦点眼镜组。在18个月内，每6个月在睫状肌麻痹下测量眼轴长度和屈光度数。28名儿童完成了研究。
在最初的12个月里，两组近视进展速度相同。在学年期间的前6个月进展速度比包括整个暑假的后6个月快得多（分别为0.64 D/年和0.29 D/年）。在最后6个月，单焦点眼镜组儿童近视进展迅速（0.80 D/年），而双焦点眼镜组儿童进展缓慢（0.37 D/年）。重复测量方差分析显示，一年中的季节对近视进展有显著影响（p>0.002），且两种治疗组的影响有所不同（p>0.043）。在整个18个月的研究中，单焦点眼镜组儿童近视进展速度为0.57 D/年，双焦点眼镜组为0.39 D/年（p = 0.26）。
双焦点眼镜似乎减缓了这些近点内隐斜儿童的近视进展，尽管需要更多受试者参与的长期研究来证实这一发现。近视在学年期间比暑假期间进展更快。
