Beuscart-Zéphir M C, Brender J, Beuscart R, Ménager-Depriester I
Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille, France.
Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 1997 Sep;54(1-2):19-28. doi: 10.1016/s0169-2607(97)00030-8.
As the adoption of information technology has increased, so too has the demands that these systems become more adapted to the physicians and nurses environments, to make access and management of information easier. The developers of information systems in Healthcare must use quality management techniques to ensure that their product will satisfy given requirements. This underlines the importance of the preliminary phase where Users Requirements are elicited. Some methodologies, such as KAVAS (E.M.S. Van Gennip, F. Grémy, Med. Inform. 18, 1993, 179) chose to use a continuous assessment protocol as a key strategy for quality management. At each stage of the conception and development of a prototype, the assessment checks that it conforms to the expectation of the users' requirements. The methodology of evaluation is then seen as a dynamic process which is able to improve the design and development of a dedicated system. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the necessity to include a cognitive evaluation phase in the process of evaluation by: (1) evaluating the integration (usability) of the I.T. in the activity of the users; and (2) understanding the motives underlying their management of information. This will help the necessary integration of information management in the workload of the healthcare professionals and the compatibility of the prototypes with the daily activity of the users.
随着信息技术应用的增加，这些系统更适应医生和护士工作环境以方便信息获取和管理的需求也在增加。医疗保健领域信息系统的开发者必须运用质量管理技术来确保他们的产品能满足既定要求。这凸显了引出用户需求的初步阶段的重要性。一些方法，如KAVAS（E.M.S. 范·根尼普、F. 格雷米，《医学信息学》，第18卷，1993年，第179页）选择使用持续评估协议作为质量管理的关键策略。在原型的构思和开发的每个阶段，评估都会检查其是否符合用户需求的期望。评估方法于是被视为一个能够改进专用系统设计和开发的动态过程。本文的目的是通过以下方式证明在评估过程中纳入认知评估阶段的必要性：（1）评估信息技术在用户活动中的整合（可用性）；（2）理解他们信息管理背后的动机。这将有助于信息管理在医疗保健专业人员工作量中的必要整合以及原型与用户日常活动的兼容性。
