Christou P
Laboratory for Transgenic Technology & Metabolic Pathway Engineering, John Innes Center, Norwich, UK.
Plant Mol Biol. 1997 Sep;35(1-2):197-203.
Bombardment-based methodology is responsible for the effective genetic manipulation of major cereals including rice. Many groups reported significant advances on various aspects of rice molecular biology and genetic engineering using procedures based on bombardment technology. Molecular and genetic characterization of large numbers of these plants (more than 500 independent transgenic plants) provided information on structure, expression and stability of integrated DNA through multiple generations. Such evaluations were carried out in the greenhouse and in the field. Stability of expression was found to be dependent on the nature of the promoter and the transgene, and in specific cases on gene copy number. Direct DNA transfer utilizing particle bombardment for the delivery of foreign DNA into rice tissue results in the recovery of large numbers of independently derived transgenic plants in a variety-independent fashion. Gene copy number, level and stability of expression of transgenes can be compared to other DNA delivery methods, direct or indirect, including Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. In this paper, the technology is summarized and discussed in terms of present and future applications, including field trials and potential commercialization of transgenic rice expressing a number of genes of agronomic interest such as pest and herbicide resistance.
基于轰击的方法学对包括水稻在内的主要谷物进行有效的基因操作。许多研究小组报告了使用基于轰击技术的程序在水稻分子生物学和基因工程的各个方面取得的重大进展。对大量此类植物（超过500株独立转基因植物）的分子和遗传特征分析提供了多代整合DNA的结构、表达和稳定性信息。这些评估在温室和田间进行。发现表达的稳定性取决于启动子和转基因的性质，在特定情况下还取决于基因拷贝数。利用粒子轰击将外源DNA导入水稻组织的直接DNA转移可独立于品种以多种方式获得大量转基因植物。转基因的基因拷贝数、表达水平和稳定性可与其他直接或间接的DNA传递方法（包括农杆菌介导的基因转移）进行比较。本文就该技术的当前和未来应用进行了总结和讨论，包括田间试验以及表达许多具有农艺学意义的基因（如抗虫和抗除草剂基因）的转基因水稻的潜在商业化。
