Kuusela S, Honkala E, Kannas L, Tynjälä J, Wold B
Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
J Dent Res. 1997 Sep;76(9):1602-9. doi: 10.1177/00220345970760091301.
This study is part of the Cross-National Survey on Health Behaviour in School-aged Children--a WHO Collaborative Study, which started in 1982. The aim of the study was to describe the oral hygiene habits (toothbrushing and flossing) of 11-year-old schoolchildren in 22 European countries (Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, FInland, France, Germany, Greenland, Hungary, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Northern Ireland, Norway, Poland, Russia, Scotland, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, and Wales) and Canada. The data were collected from standardized anonymous questionnaires in school classrooms during the 1993-1994 school year. At least 1300 school children, representing the whole country, participated in the study in each country. Oral hygiene habits were analyzed according to gender, age, country, school performance, and family economy. The children brushed most favorably in Sweden, Denmark, German, Austria, and Norway (83-73% brushed twice a day). More-than-once-a-day toothbrushing was especially uncommon (from 26 to 33%) among boys in Finland, Lithuania, Russia, Estonia, and Latvia. Toothbrushing frequency differed significantly according to school performance in Canada, the Czech Republic, Scotland, Poland, Northern Ireland, and Wales and between different socio-economic groups in Northern Ireland, Wales, the Czech Republic, Scotland, Poland, and Russia. Use of dental floss was rare. In general, flossing was less frequent among boys than among girls. Daily flossing was most common among Canadian adolescents (25%). In conclusion, there are considerable differences in toothbrushing frequency among children in European countries.
本研究是世界卫生组织合作开展的学龄儿童健康行为跨国调查的一部分，该调查始于1982年。本研究的目的是描述22个欧洲国家（奥地利、比利时、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、格陵兰、匈牙利、以色列、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、北爱尔兰、挪威、波兰、俄罗斯、苏格兰、斯洛伐克共和国、西班牙、瑞典和威尔士）以及加拿大11岁学童的口腔卫生习惯（刷牙和使用牙线）。数据于1993 - 1994学年在学校教室通过标准化匿名问卷收集。每个国家至少有1300名代表全国的学童参与了该研究。根据性别、年龄、国家、学业成绩和家庭经济状况对口腔卫生习惯进行了分析。在瑞典、丹麦、德国、奥地利和挪威，孩子们刷牙情况最佳（83% - 73%的孩子每天刷牙两次）。在芬兰、立陶宛、俄罗斯、爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚，每天刷牙不止一次的情况在男孩中尤其少见（从26%到33%）。在加拿大、捷克共和国、苏格兰、波兰、北爱尔兰和威尔士，刷牙频率根据学业成绩有显著差异，在北爱尔兰、威尔士、捷克共和国、苏格兰、波兰和俄罗斯，不同社会经济群体之间也存在差异。使用牙线的情况很少见。总体而言，男孩使用牙线的频率低于女孩。每天使用牙线在加拿大青少年中最为常见（25%）。总之，欧洲国家儿童的刷牙频率存在相当大的差异。
