Gupta P, MacWhinney B
Carnegie Mellon University, USA.
Brain Lang. 1997 Sep;59(2):267-333. doi: 10.1006/brln.1997.1819.
In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that human vocabulary acquisition processes and verbal short-term memory abilities utilize a common cognitive and neural system. We begin by reviewing behavioral evidence for a shared set of processes. Next, we examine what the computational bases of such a shared system might be and how vocabulary acquisition and verbal short-term memory might be related in mechanistic terms. We examine existing computational models of vocabulary acquisition and of verbal short-term memory, concluding that they fail to adequately relate these two domains. We then propose an alternative model which accounts not only for the relationship between word learning and verbal short-term memory, but also for a wide range of phenomena in verbal short-term memory. Furthermore, this new account provides a clear statement of the relationship between the proposed system and mechanisms of language processing more generally. We then consider possible neural substrates for this cognitive system. We begin by reviewing what is known of the neural substrates of speech processing and outline a conceptual framework within which a variety of seemingly contradictory neurophysiological and neuropsychological findings can be accommodated. The linkage of the shared system for vocabulary acquisition and verbal short-term memory to neural areas specifically involved in speech processing lends further support to our functional-level identification of the mechanisms of vocabulary acquisition and verbal short-term memory with those of language processing. The present work thus relates vocabulary acquisition and verbal short-term memory to each other and to speech processing, at a cognitive, computational, and neural level.
在本文中，我们探讨了这样一种假设：人类词汇习得过程和言语短期记忆能力利用了一个共同的认知和神经系统。我们首先回顾了一系列共享过程的行为证据。接下来，我们研究这样一个共享系统的计算基础可能是什么，以及词汇习得和言语短期记忆在机制方面可能是如何相关的。我们考察了现有的词汇习得和言语短期记忆的计算模型，得出的结论是它们未能充分关联这两个领域。然后，我们提出了一个替代模型，该模型不仅解释了词汇学习与言语短期记忆之间的关系，还解释了言语短期记忆中的一系列现象。此外，这个新的解释更全面地清晰阐述了所提出的系统与语言处理机制之间的关系。接着，我们考虑了这个认知系统可能的神经基础。我们首先回顾了已知的言语处理的神经基础，并概述了一个概念框架，在这个框架内可以容纳各种看似相互矛盾的神经生理学和神经心理学发现。将用于词汇习得和言语短期记忆的共享系统与专门参与言语处理的神经区域联系起来，进一步支持了我们在功能层面将词汇习得和言语短期记忆的机制与语言处理的机制进行识别。因此，目前的工作在认知、计算和神经层面将词汇习得和言语短期记忆相互联系起来，并与言语处理联系起来。
