Richards M, Hardy R, Wadsworth M
MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College London.
Psychol Med. 1997 Sep;27(5):1121-8. doi: 10.1017/s003329179700559x.
Many studies have reported a negative impact of divorce and separation on health although it is still unclear to what extent this is due to early vulnerability, the material and social consequences of divorce or to its direct emotional effects.
Measures of anxiety and depression and potential alcohol abuse at age 43 were compared in 2085 participants from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development who were either married and never divorced or separated, or who had divorced or separated at least once. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic features, early vulnerability factors and current stressors.
Divorce and separation were associated with increased anxiety and depression, and increased risk of alcohol abuse. This was the case after adjusting for educational attainment, age at first marriage, parental divorce, childhood aggression and neuroticism, and current financial hardship, lack of a confidante and frequency of social contact with friends or family. The association between divorce and risk of alcohol abuse became non-significant when the latter variable was controlled for. Associations between divorce and psychopathology were observed even though half of those separated or divorced were re-married or reunited with their spouses at the time of the analysis. There was, furthermore, no association between these mental health measures and time since first separation or divorce.
许多研究报告了离婚和分居对健康的负面影响，尽管目前尚不清楚这在多大程度上是由于早期的易感性、离婚的物质和社会后果，还是其直接的情感影响。
在医学研究委员会全国健康与发展调查的2085名参与者中，比较了43岁时的焦虑和抑郁测量指标以及潜在的酒精滥用情况。这些参与者要么已婚且从未离婚或分居，要么至少有过一次离婚或分居经历。分析对社会人口学特征、早期易感性因素和当前压力源进行了调整。
离婚和分居与焦虑和抑郁增加以及酒精滥用风险增加有关。在调整了教育程度、初婚年龄、父母离婚、童年攻击性和神经质，以及当前的经济困难、缺乏知己和与朋友或家人的社交接触频率之后，情况依然如此。当控制了后者变量时，离婚与酒精滥用风险之间的关联变得不显著。即使在分析时，一半的分居或离婚者已经再婚或与配偶团聚，仍观察到离婚与精神病理学之间的关联。此外，这些心理健康指标与首次分居或离婚后的时间之间没有关联。
