Yoshikawa M, Shimada H, Morikawa T, Yoshizumi S, Matsumura N, Murakami T, Matsuda H, Hori K, Yamahara J
Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1997 Aug;45(8):1300-5. doi: 10.1248/cpb.45.1300.
The methanolic extract of a food garnish "Tonburi", the fruit of Japanese kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (Chenopodiaceae), was found to inhibit the increase in serum glucose-loaded rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, momordin Ic and its 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated as the active principles from this medicinal foodstuff together with three new saponins named scoparianosides A, B, and C. The structures of scoparianosides A, B, and C were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 3 beta, 22 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12en-28-oic acid (22 alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 3 beta-hydroxyolean -18-en-28-oic acid (morolic acid), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --> 3)-beta-D -glucopyranosiduronic acid, and 3 beta-hydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoxyl(1 --> 3) -beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. Momordin Ic and its 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, both of which are the principal saponin constituents of this medicinal foodstuffs, were found to potently inhibit glucose and ethanol absorption in rats.
一种名为“茼麻子”的食品配料（藜科植物地肤[Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.]的果实）的甲醇提取物，被发现可抑制血清葡萄糖负荷大鼠血糖的升高。通过生物活性导向分离，从这种药用食品中分离出了苦瓜素Ic及其2'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷作为活性成分，同时还分离出了三种新的皂苷，分别命名为地肤皂苷A、B和C。基于化学和物理化学证据，确定地肤皂苷A、B和C的结构分别为3β,22α-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-酸（22α-羟基齐墩果酸）、3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸、3β-羟基齐墩果-18-烯-28-酸（齐墩果酸）、3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸以及3β-羟基齐墩果-13(18)-烯-28-酸、3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸。苦瓜素Ic及其2'-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷是这种药用食品的主要皂苷成分，被发现能有效抑制大鼠对葡萄糖和乙醇的吸收。
