Bogdan C
Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Erlangen, Germany.
Behring Inst Mitt. 1997 Mar(99):58-72.
One of the most prominent functions of nitric oxide (NO) is its participation in antimicrobial and antiviral defense. This paper summarizes the evidence for this function and compiles the infectious agents which are currently thought to be controlled via high out-put generation of NO as it occurs in activated macrophages and other cells expressing the inducible isoform of NO-synthase (iNOS, NOS-2). Several less appreciated forms of interaction between NO and microbes will also be reviewed, including the role of NO as an immunosuppressive or tissue-destructive molecule during the course of infections, the regulation of microbial antioxidant systems by host cell-derived NO, the contribution of NO to parasite stage conversion, the induction or suppression of macrophage iNOS by microbial products, and the existence of endogenous NO synthase pathways in certain bacteria and parasites.
一氧化氮（NO）最显著的功能之一是其参与抗菌和抗病毒防御。本文总结了这一功能的证据，并汇编了目前认为通过在活化巨噬细胞和其他表达诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS，NOS-2）同工型的细胞中发生的高产量NO生成来控制的感染因子。还将综述NO与微生物之间几种较少被认识到的相互作用形式，包括NO在感染过程中作为免疫抑制或组织破坏分子的作用、宿主细胞衍生的NO对微生物抗氧化系统的调节、NO对寄生虫阶段转换的贡献、微生物产物对巨噬细胞iNOS的诱导或抑制，以及某些细菌和寄生虫中内源性一氧化氮合酶途径的存在。
