González M, Banderas J A, Raya C, Báez A, Belmont R
Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados en Odontologia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1997 May-Jun;39(3):179-86.
To determine the concentration of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) and establish the possible association of these heavy metals with some sociodemographic factors.
A representative sample of one hundred dental students from the National Autonomous University of Mexico living in Mexico City participated in this study. Unstimulated human whole saliva samples were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
Concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were higher than those reported elsewhere: Pb (X = 3.10 micrograms/dL-1; Maximum: 16.8 micrograms/dL-1 and Minimum: 0.04 microgram/dL-1), Cd (X = 0.25 microgram/dL-1; Maximum: 2.04 micrograms/dL-1 and Minimum: 0.004 microgram/dL-1) and Cr (X = 1.43 micrograms/dL-1; Maximum: 4.82 micrograms/dL-1 and Minimum: 0.05 microgram/dL-1). No association was found between the variables studied (age, sex, geographic area and canned food consumption) with Pb and Cr. However, an inverse association was found between Cd and age (Chi 2 = 5.9012, p < or = 0.05); (gamma = -0.5224, p < or = 0.05).
Salivary monitoring can be used for detection of environmental pollutants (atmospheric or occupational), in addition for detection of drugs, and local and systemic diseases. Heavy metal pollution continues to be a public health problem, and therefore the government should form a program for eliminating pollutants from the environment. Likewise, other studies should be carried out to verify the association between variables such as sex, age, use of glazed ceramics, nutrition, and home address with the concentrations of heavy metals in saliva.
测定铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）和铬（Cr）的浓度，并确定这些重金属与一些社会人口学因素之间可能存在的关联。
来自墨西哥国立自治大学、居住在墨西哥城的100名牙科学生的代表性样本参与了本研究。采用原子吸收光谱法分析未刺激的人类全唾液样本。
Pb、Cd和Cr的浓度高于其他地方报道的浓度：Pb（X = 3.10微克/分升-1；最大值：16.8微克/分升-1，最小值：0.04微克/分升-1），Cd（X = 0.25微克/分升-1；最大值：2.04微克/分升-1，最小值：0.004微克/分升-1），Cr（X = 1.43微克/分升-1；最大值：4.82微克/分升-1，最小值：0.05微克/分升-1）。在所研究的变量（年龄、性别、地理区域和罐头食品消费）与Pb和Cr之间未发现关联。然而，发现Cd与年龄之间存在负相关（卡方 = 5.9012，p≤0.05）；（γ = -0.5224，p≤0.05）。
唾液监测可用于检测环境污染物（大气或职业性），此外还可用于检测药物以及局部和全身性疾病。重金属污染仍然是一个公共卫生问题，因此政府应制定一项消除环境污染物的计划。同样，应开展其他研究以验证性别、年龄、釉面陶瓷的使用、营养和家庭住址等变量与唾液中重金属浓度之间的关联。
