Distant lymph node metastasis of early gastric cancer.

Among 601 patients with early gastric cancer (EGC), the clinicopathological findings of 5 patients (invasion of the mucosal layer in 2 and of the submucosal layer in 3) with distant lymph node metastasis according to TNM classification (third- or fourth-tier lymph node metastasis according to the Japanese classification) were investigated. The proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression of EGC was also examined immunohistologically. The sites of distant metastasis were the nodes at the root of the mesentery, in the hepatoduodenal ligament, and the paraaortic nodes. While the PCNA-positive rate of EGC with distant lymph node metastasis (35.4%) was significantly higher than that of EGC without lymph node metastasis (14.7% P = 0.01), it was similar to that of EGC with perigastric lymph node metastasis. The cumulative survival rate of the EGC patients with distant lymph node metastasis (5-year survival rate 20.0%) was significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis (88.2%, P < 0.0001), first-tier lymph node metastasis (76.9%, P < 0.04), or second-tier lymph node metastasis (77.1%, P < 0.04). Thus, although the prognosis of EGC patients with distant lymph node metastasis was poor, a dissection of the distant lymph nodes should be performed when metastasis is suspected.