Murphey M D, Robbin M R, McRae G A, Flemming D J, Temple H T, Kransdorf M J
Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
Radiographics. 1997 Sep-Oct;17(5):1205-31. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.17.5.9308111.
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in adolescents and young adults. It accounts for approximately 15% of all primary bone tumors confirmed at biopsy. There are numerous types of primary osteosarcoma, including intramedullary (high grade, telangiectatic, low grade, small cell, osteosarcomatosis, and gnathic), surface (intracortical, parosteal, periosteal, and high-grade surface), and extraskeletal. Osteosarcoma may also occur as a secondary lesion in association with underlying benign conditions. The identification of osteoid matrix formation and aggressive characteristics usually allows prospective radiologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma. As with all bone tumors, differential diagnosis is best assessed with radiographs, whereas staging is performed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Understanding and recognition of the variable appearances of the different varieties of osteosarcoma allow improved patient assessment and are vital for optimal clinical management including diagnosis, biopsy, staging, treatment, and follow-up.
骨肉瘤是青少年和年轻成年人中最常见的原发性骨恶性肿瘤。它约占经活检确诊的所有原发性骨肿瘤的15%。原发性骨肉瘤有多种类型，包括髓内型（高级别、毛细血管扩张型、低级别、小细胞型、骨肉瘤病和颌骨骨肉瘤）、表面型（皮质内型、骨旁型、骨膜型和高级别表面型）以及骨外型。骨肉瘤也可能作为与潜在良性疾病相关的继发性病变出现。骨样基质形成和侵袭性特征的识别通常有助于对骨肉瘤进行前瞻性放射学诊断。与所有骨肿瘤一样，鉴别诊断最好通过X线平片进行评估，而分期则通过计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像进行。了解和认识不同类型骨肉瘤的多样表现有助于改善患者评估，对于包括诊断、活检、分期、治疗和随访在内的最佳临床管理至关重要。
