Merluzzi T V, Martinez Sanchez M A
University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
Psychooncology. 1997 Sep;6(3):197-203. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1611(199709)6:3<197::AID-PON270>3.0.CO;2-S.
We studied perceptions of the importance and difficulty of coping behaviors, from the perspectives of cancer patients (n = 33) and health care providers (i.e. nursing and technical personnel, n = 24). They rated the importance and difficulty of 43 behaviors that correspond to six domains of coping with cancer. Generally, ratings of importance were similar for both patients and providers. However, patients rated the domains of Coping with Treatment Related Side Effects and Seeking Support as less important than staff. Ratings of difficulty were quite divergent. Patients perceived coping as less difficult than the medical staff in the following domains: Maintenance of Activity and Independence, Coping With Treatment-Related Side-Effects, Accepting Cancer/Maintaining Positive Attitude, and Seeking Support. These differences in difficulty ratings between patients and health care providers may reflect distinct perspectives or schemas about coping. That is, patients may hold 'positive illusions' about their coping capacity and, therefore, rate coping as less difficult. Health care providers may overestimate patients' distress and, therefore, underestimate patients' coping capacity. An understanding of these different perspectives may assist medical staff in fostering self-efficacy expectations for coping behaviors.
我们从癌症患者（n = 33）和医疗服务提供者（即护理和技术人员，n = 24）的角度，研究了对应对行为的重要性和难度的认知。他们对与应对癌症的六个领域相对应的43种行为的重要性和难度进行了评分。总体而言，患者和提供者对重要性的评分相似。然而，患者认为应对治疗相关副作用和寻求支持这两个领域的重要性低于医护人员。在难度评分上则有很大差异。在以下领域，患者认为应对比医护人员更容易：维持活动和独立性、应对治疗相关副作用、接受癌症/保持积极态度以及寻求支持。患者和医疗服务提供者在难度评分上的这些差异可能反映了对应对的不同观点或模式。也就是说，患者可能对自己的应对能力持有“积极幻想”，因此认为应对难度较小。医疗服务提供者可能高估了患者的痛苦，因此低估了患者的应对能力。了解这些不同观点可能有助于医护人员增强对应对行为的自我效能期望。
