Ore T, Stout N A
Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WVa, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Sep;39(9):832-43. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199709000-00006.
Over 3700 occupational fatalities among all US construction laborers 16 years of age and older during 1980-1992 were analyzed from death certificates to identify differences in mortality rates, higher risk groups, and leading causes of death to be targeted for prevention and monitored over time. Female laborers had an average fatality rate (17.4 deaths/100,000 workers) similar to that for all male construction workers (17.3 deaths/100,000 workers), and ten times higher than for all female construction workers. On average, nonwhite laborers had 27% greater mortality than white laborers. Women were at a higher risk (10.8 deaths/100,000 workers) for motor vehicle injury than were men (6.1 deaths/100,000 workers). The smallest percentage annual decline in cause-specific mortality rates was from motor vehicle for construction laborers (0.1%) and all construction workers (1.4%). Environmental-related fatality rates for laborers rose an average of 0.8% annually. The average years of potential life lost (to age 65) ranged from 27.4 years from explosion to 34.3 years from electrocution. Prevention measures aimed at addressing the highest risk areas, along with research needs, are discussed. With over a quarter of construction fatalities occurring among laborers, occupational injury research on laborers should become a priority.
对1980年至1992年间美国所有16岁及以上建筑工人的3700多起职业死亡案例进行了分析，这些数据来自死亡证明，目的是确定死亡率差异、高风险群体以及可作为预防目标并长期监测的主要死因。女性建筑工人的平均死亡率（每10万名工人中有17.4人死亡）与所有男性建筑工人的平均死亡率（每10万名工人中有17.3人死亡）相似，但却是所有女性建筑工人平均死亡率的10倍。平均而言，非白人建筑工人的死亡率比白人建筑工人高27%。女性因机动车伤害导致的死亡风险（每10万名工人中有10.8人死亡）高于男性（每10万名工人中有6.1人死亡）。建筑工人因特定原因导致的死亡率年度降幅最小的是机动车相关原因（0.1%），所有建筑工人的这一降幅为1.4%。建筑工人与环境相关的死亡率平均每年上升0.8%。潜在寿命损失年数（至65岁）平均从爆炸导致的27.4年到触电导致的34.3年不等。本文讨论了针对高风险领域的预防措施以及研究需求。鉴于超过四分之一的建筑死亡事故发生在建筑工人身上，针对建筑工人的职业伤害研究应成为优先事项。
