Johnston J R, Smith L B, Box P
University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997 Oct;40(5):964-74. doi: 10.1044/jslhr.4005.964.
Ten children with specific language impairment and 10 children with normal language development were asked to describe objects so that a listener could select them. Each trial targeted two out of a group of three toys. The targeted objects were identical or were similar in size or color. Children in the two groups did not differ in referential success, although children in both groups found the size items more difficult. Content analysis of the messages did reveal differences in the referential strategies used most frequently. Children with specific language impairment were more likely to mention the attributes of each object separately, rather than to describe the characteristics common to a pair of objects. Children in both groups talked about separate objects more often when talking about size than about color or object type. Use of this strategy could indicate the effects of attentional capacity on children's solutions to communication tasks.
研究要求10名特定语言障碍儿童和10名语言发育正常的儿童描述物体，以便听众能够从中进行挑选。每次试验针对一组三个玩具中的两个。目标物体要么完全相同，要么在大小或颜色上相似。两组儿童在指称成功方面没有差异，尽管两组儿童都觉得涉及大小的物品更难描述。对信息的内容分析确实揭示了最常使用的指称策略上的差异。有特定语言障碍的儿童更有可能分别提及每个物体的属性，而不是描述一对物体共有的特征。在谈论大小的时候，两组儿童都比谈论颜色或物体类型时更频繁地提及单个物体。使用这种策略可能表明注意力容量对儿童解决交流任务的影响。
