Mooney K W, Cromwell G L
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1997 Oct;75(10):2661-71. doi: 10.2527/1997.75102661x.
We conducted two experiments to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate and chromium chloride (CrCl3) on growth performance, carcass composition, percentages and accretion rates of carcass tissues and chemical components, and blood metabolites in pigs. In Exp. 1, 35 individually penned pigs were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine) supplemented with 0, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg of Cr from chromium picolinate or 5,000 or 25,000 micrograms/ kg of Cr from CrCl3. Each diet was fed to seven pigs for 35 d (19.6 to 43.2 kg BW). Addition of 200 micrograms/kg of Cr from chromium picolinate increased ADG (P < .07) and ADFI (P < .03) but did not affect feed:gain ratio. Backfat measurements and longissimus muscle area were not affected by either source of Cr. The percentages of muscle, fat, bone, and skin from the right ham and the percentages of water, protein, lipid, and ash from the left carcass were not significantly altered by Cr. The addition of 200 micrograms/kg Cr from chromium picolinate increased (P < .07) the accretion rate of lipid in the carcass. In Exp. 2, 42 individually penned pigs (three from each of 14 litters) were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine from 19 to 55 kg; .80% lysine from 55 to 109 kg) without or with 200 micrograms/kg of Cr from chromium picolinate or 5,000 micrograms/kg of Cr from CrCl3. Dietary Cr addition had no effect on the performance or backfat measurements of the pigs; however, both sources of Cr increased (P < .07) longissimus muscle area. The percentages and accretion rates of muscle tissue were increased (P < .001) and the percentages of fat tissue were decreased (P < .001) in pigs fed Cr, with chromium picolinate being more effective than CrCl3 (P < .05). The percentages (P < .01) and accretion rates (P < .07) of carcass protein were increased and the percentages and accretion rates of carcass lipid were decreased (P < .04) in pigs fed Cr. No changes in blood metabolites occurred as a result of supplemental Cr in either experiment. These results suggest that chromium picolinate is more effective than CrCl3 and that Cr must be supplemented throughout the growing-finishing period to improve the carcass composition.
我们进行了两项试验，以评估吡啶甲酸铬和氯化铬（CrCl₃）对猪的生长性能、胴体组成、胴体组织和化学成分的百分比及沉积率，以及血液代谢物的影响。在试验1中，35头单栏饲养的猪饲喂一种强化的玉米 - 豆粕基础日粮（赖氨酸含量0.95%），日粮中添加0、200或400微克/千克来自吡啶甲酸铬的铬，或5000或25000微克/千克来自CrCl₃的铬。每种日粮饲喂7头猪，为期35天（体重19.6至43.2千克）。添加200微克/千克来自吡啶甲酸铬的铬可提高平均日增重（P < 0.07）和平均日采食量（P < 0.03），但不影响料重比。两种铬源对背膘厚度测量值和腰大肌面积均无影响。右侧后腿肌肉、脂肪、骨骼和皮肤的百分比以及左侧胴体水分、蛋白质、脂质和灰分的百分比均未因铬而发生显著变化。添加200微克/千克来自吡啶甲酸铬的铬可提高（P < 0.07）胴体脂质沉积率。在试验2中，42头单栏饲养的猪（来自14窝，每窝3头）饲喂一种强化的玉米 - 豆粕基础日粮（体重19至55千克时赖氨酸含量0.95%；体重55至109千克时赖氨酸含量0.80%），日粮中不添加或添加200微克/千克来自吡啶甲酸铬的铬或5000微克/千克来自CrCl₃的铬。日粮添加铬对猪的生产性能或背膘厚度测量值没有影响；然而，两种铬源均提高了（P < 0.07）腰大肌面积。饲喂铬的猪肌肉组织的百分比和沉积率增加（P < 0.001），脂肪组织的百分比降低（P < 0.001），吡啶甲酸铬比CrCl₃更有效（P < 0.05）。饲喂铬的猪胴体蛋白质的百分比（P < 0.01）和沉积率（P < 0.07）增加，胴体脂质的百分比和沉积率降低（P < 0.04）。在任何一项试验中，补充铬均未导致血液代谢物发生变化。这些结果表明，吡啶甲酸铬比CrCl₃更有效，并且在整个生长育肥期都必须补充铬以改善胴体组成。
