Barnett B J, Stephens D S
Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Am J Med Sci. 1997 Oct;314(4):245-9. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199710000-00007.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains very common. As many as 50% of women report having had at least one UTI in their lifetimes. Urinary tract infection is the most common cause of infection in nursing home residents and the most common source of bacteremia in the elderly population. Urinary tract infection occurs in patients with structurally or functionally abnormal urinary tracts (complicated UTI) and in patients with anatomically normal urinary tracts (uncomplicated UTI). Escherichia coli (E coli) is the most common cause of uncomplicated UTI, whereas antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, and Candida species often are the causes of complicated UTI. In this article we review current concepts of the epidemiology, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection.
尿路感染（UTI）仍然非常常见。多达50%的女性报告称一生中至少患过一次尿路感染。尿路感染是疗养院居民感染的最常见原因，也是老年人群菌血症的最常见来源。尿路感染发生在尿路结构或功能异常的患者（复杂性UTI）以及尿路解剖结构正常的患者（非复杂性UTI）中。大肠杆菌（E coli）是非复杂性UTI的最常见原因，而耐抗生素的肠杆菌科细菌、肠球菌和念珠菌属通常是复杂性UTI的病因。在本文中，我们综述了尿路感染的流行病学、微生物学、病理生理学、临床表现、诊断和治疗的当前概念。
