Vanoni C, Holsboer-Trachsler E
Depressionsforschungsabteilung, Schlafmedizin, Neurophysiologie Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Basel.
Ther Umsch. 1997 Jul;54(7):386-9.
The rates of major depression (5-12%) are considerably higher than for bipolar disorder (ca. 1%). Depressive disorder is most frequent in general practice. Although general practitioners recognise and manage efficiently a large number of depressed patients, at any consultation about half the patients are not diagnosed. Recognising depression is made difficult by the frequency in general practice of presentations with somatic symptoms (masked depression) and of depression related to physical disorder. The best method for the general practitioner to overcome these problems is by using a relatively direct interview for the main specific symptoms of depression. The general practitioner has a key role in the management of depression and as a gatekeeper with a prime responsibility to make appropriate referrals to specialists. Counselling members of the family or friends and recommending self-help groups are important to improve the therapeutic compliance of the patients.
重度抑郁症的发病率（5%-12%）远高于双相情感障碍（约1%）。抑郁症在全科医疗中最为常见。尽管全科医生能够识别并有效管理大量抑郁症患者，但在每次会诊中，仍有大约一半的患者未被诊断出来。由于全科医疗中出现躯体症状（隐匿性抑郁症）以及与身体疾病相关的抑郁症的频率较高，使得抑郁症的识别变得困难。全科医生克服这些问题的最佳方法是针对抑郁症的主要特定症状进行相对直接的问诊。全科医生在抑郁症管理中起着关键作用，作为把关人，其首要责任是将患者适当地转诊给专科医生。为患者的家人或朋友提供咨询并推荐自助团体对于提高患者的治疗依从性很重要。
