Harper J W
Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Cancer Surv. 1997;29:91-107.
Progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by the activities of a family of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). These kinases are negatively regulated by phosphorylation and by the action of cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKIs). In mammalian cells, two classes of CKIs have been identified, the INK4 class and the CIP/KIP class. These CKIs are versatile negative regulators of CDK function and have potential roles in development, checkpoint control and tumour suppression. Analysis of CKI knockout indicates that although these inhibitors are not generally required for survival, the phenotypes observed span the gamut of what might be expected for loss of a cell cycle inhibitor. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of the roles of CKIs in growth control.
真核细胞周期的进程受细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（CDK）家族活性的调节。这些激酶通过磷酸化作用以及细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂（CKI）的作用受到负调控。在哺乳动物细胞中，已鉴定出两类CKI，即INK4类和CIP/KIP类。这些CKI是CDK功能的多功能负调节因子，在发育、检查点控制和肿瘤抑制中具有潜在作用。对CKI基因敲除的分析表明，尽管这些抑制剂通常并非细胞存活所必需，但观察到的表型涵盖了细胞周期抑制剂缺失可能出现的各种情况。本章总结了我们目前对CKI在生长控制中作用的理解。
